CVE-2024-3660 | Arbitrary code injection vulnerability in Keras framework < 2.13

A arbitrary code injection vulnerability in TensorFlow's Keras framework (<2.13) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the same permissions as the application using a model that allow arbitrary code irrespective of the application.

Published: 2024-04-16 Last update: 2025-09-23 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2024-3660 is rated Moderate Risk (59.9/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.37%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-3660

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-05 0.26% 0.37% +0.11%
2 2026-03-04 0.12% 0.26% +0.13%
3 2026-03-01 — 0.12% —

Full EPSS history (41 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2024-3660

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2024-3660

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2024-3660

GHSA-x4wf-678h-2pmq · Severity: critical · Ecosystem: pip — Keras code injection vulnerability

OS Trackers for CVE-2024-3660

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2024-3660 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (keras), 1 status rows across 1 suites (bullseye): open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-3660
ubuntu medium CVE-2024-3660 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (keras), 7 status rows across 7 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, upstream): DNE 4, needs-triage 3. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-3660

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2024-3660

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
keras keras < 2.13.1 cpe:2.3:a:keras:keras:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2024-3660

URL Tags
https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/253266 Third Party Advisory VDB Entry
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/253266 Third Party Advisory VDB Entry
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