CVE-2024-7589 | OpenSSH pre-authentication async signal safety issue

A signal handler in sshd(8) may call a logging function that is not async-signal-safe. The signal handler is invoked when a client does not authenticate within the LoginGraceTime seconds (120 by default). This signal handler executes in the context of the sshd(8)'s privileged code, which is not sandboxed and runs with full root privileges. This issue is another instance of the problem in CVE-2024-6387 addressed by FreeBSD-SA-24:04.openssh. The faulty code in this case is from the integration of blacklistd in OpenSSH in FreeBSD. As a result of calling functions that are not async-signal-safe in the privileged sshd(8) context, a race condition exists that a determined attacker may be able to exploit to allow an unauthenticated remote code execution as root.

Published: 2024-08-12 Last update: 2024-11-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2024-7589 is rated Moderate Risk (61.1/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 17.41%, 95th percentile). EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-7589

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-07 21.96% 17.41% -4.55%
2 2026-03-04 18.83% 21.96% +3.13%
3 2026-03-01 — 18.83% —

Full EPSS history (47 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2024-7589

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.2 5.9 [email protected]
8.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.2 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2024-7589

OS Trackers for CVE-2024-7589

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2024-7589 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (openssh), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-7589
redhat high — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-7589
suse high CVE-2024-7589 severity important: SUSE including 9 source package names (openssh, openssh-cavs, …), 146 product×package rows across 33 product lines (SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5, SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS, … (33 product lines)): Known Not Affected 146. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-7589/
ubuntu medium CVE-2024-7589 medium priority: Ubuntu including 2 source packages (openssh, openssh-ssh1), 12 status rows across 7 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, trusty, upstream, xenial): not-affected 11, ignored 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-7589

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2024-7589

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
freebsd freebsd < 13.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd >= 13.1, < 13.3 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 13.3 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.3:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 13.3 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.3:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 13.3 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.3:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 13.3 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:13.3:p4:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:beta5:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p3:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p4:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p5:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p6:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p7:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:p8:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.0 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.0:rc4-p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.1 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.1:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
freebsd freebsd 14.1 cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:14.1:p2:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2024-7589

cvelogic Threat Intelligence