CVE-2025-23015 | Apache Cassandra: User with MODIFY permission on ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser via unsafe actions

Privilege Defined With Unsafe Actions vulnerability in Apache Cassandra. An user with MODIFY permission ON ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser within a targeted Cassandra cluster via unsafe actions to a system resource. Operators granting data MODIFY permission on all keyspaces on affected versions should review data access rules for potential breaches. This issue affects Apache Cassandra through 3.0.30, 3.11.17, 4.0.15, 4.1.7, 5.0.2. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 3.0.31, 3.11.18, 4.0.16, 4.1.8, 5.0.3, which fixes the issue.

Published: 2025-02-04 Last update: 2025-07-14 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-23015 is rated Moderate Risk (57.5/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.45%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-23015

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-03-15 0.24% 0.45% +0.21%
2 2026-03-14 0.26% 0.24% -0.02%
3 2025-12-01 — 0.26% —

Full EPSS history (12 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-23015

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-23015

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-23015

GHSA-wmcc-9vch-jmx4 · Severity: high · Ecosystem: maven — Apache Cassandra: User with MODIFY permission on ALL KEYSPACES can escalate privileges to superuser via unsafe actions

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-23015

vendor priority summary link
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-23015

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23015

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apache cassandra >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.31 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache cassandra >= 3.1, < 3.11.18 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache cassandra >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.16 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache cassandra >= 4.1.0, < 4.1.8 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache cassandra >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:apache:cassandra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-23015

cvelogic Threat Intelligence