CVE-2025-65945 | auth0/node-jws improper HMAC signature verification vulnerability

auth0/node-jws is a JSON Web Signature implementation for Node.js. In versions 3.2.2 and earlier and version 4.0.0, auth0/node-jws has an improper signature verification vulnerability when using the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions. Applications are affected when they use the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms and use user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature protected header or payload in HMAC secret lookup routines, which can allow attackers to bypass signature verification. This issue has been patched in versions 3.2.3 and 4.0.1.

Published: 2025-12-04 Last update: 2026-03-09 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-65945 is rated Low Risk (31.6/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.02%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-65945

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-12-05 0.02%

Full EPSS history (1 record total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-65945

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-65945

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-65945

GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x · Severity: high · Ecosystem: npm — auth0/node-jws Improperly Verifies HMAC Signature

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-65945

vendor priority summary link
redhat high https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-65945

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-65945

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
auth0 node-jws < 3.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:auth0:node-jws:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
auth0 node-jws 4.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:auth0:node-jws:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

References for CVE-2025-65945

cvelogic Threat Intelligence