By design, the "established" command on the Cisco PIX firewall allows connections from one host to arbitrary ports of a target host if an alternative conduit has already been allowed, which can cause administrators to configure less restrictive access controls than intended if they do not understand this functionality.
Conclusion & alert: CVE-1999-1582 is rated Moderate Risk (60.1/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 2.33%). Mandatory action: Review affected assets and schedule remediation.
Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.
EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).
| # | Date | Old EPSS score | New EPSS score | Delta (New - Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-03-16 | 1.89% | 2.33% | +0.44% |
| 2 | 2025-12-21 | 1.75% | 1.89% | +0.14% |
| 3 | 2025-03-30 | — | 1.75% | — |
Full EPSS history (9 records total)
CVSS metrics for this CVE.
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability | Impact | Score source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | 2.0 | HIGH |
|
10.0 | 6.4 | [email protected] |
| Vendor | Product | Version | Raw CPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| cisco | pix_firewall | — | cpe:2.3:a:cisco:pix_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |