CVE-2012-2991

The PayPal (aka MODULE_PAYMENT_PAYPAL_STANDARD) module before 1.1 in osCommerce Online Merchant before 2.3.4 allows remote attackers to set the payment recipient via a modified value of the merchant's e-mail address, as demonstrated by setting the recipient to one's self.

Published: 2012-09-19 Last update: 2026-04-29 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2012-2991 is rated Moderate Risk (42.4/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.14%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2012-2991

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.60% 1.14% +0.54%
2 2025-09-19 0.33% 0.60% +0.27%
3 2025-03-17 — 0.33% —

Full EPSS history (6 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2012-2991

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.0 2.0 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:N)
No confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:P)
Partial integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:N)
No availability impact.
 10.0 2.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2012-2991

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2012-2991

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
oscommerce online_merchant <= 2.3.3 cpe:2.3:a:oscommerce:online_merchant:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oscommerce online_merchant 2.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:oscommerce:online_merchant:2.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oscommerce online_merchant 2.3.1 cpe:2.3:a:oscommerce:online_merchant:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oscommerce online_merchant 2.3.2 cpe:2.3:a:oscommerce:online_merchant:2.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
paypal website_payments_standard_module <= 1.0 cpe:2.3:a:paypal:website_payments_standard_module:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2012-2991

cvelogic Threat Intelligence