Multiple integer underflows in the icmLut_allocate function in International Color Consortium (ICC) Format library (icclib), as used in Ghostscript 9.06 and Argyll Color Management System, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) PostScript or (2) PDF file with embedded images, which triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. NOTE: this issue is also described as an array index error.
Conclusion & alert: CVE-2012-4405 is rated Moderate Risk (55.8/100): CVSS Medium severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 23.79%, 96th percentile). Core evidence: EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. Mandatory action: High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.
Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.
EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).
| # | Date | Old EPSS score | New EPSS score | Delta (New - Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-05-20 | 35.37% | 23.79% | -11.58% |
| 2 | 2025-05-30 | 41.81% | 35.37% | -6.44% |
| 3 | 2025-03-28 | — | 41.81% | — |
Full EPSS history (8 records total)
CVSS metrics for this CVE.
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability | Impact | Score source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.8 | 2.0 | MEDIUM |
|
8.6 | 6.4 | [email protected] |
| vendor | priority | summary | link |
|---|---|---|---|
debian
|
not yet assigned | CVE-2012-4405 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 2 source packages (argyll, ghostscript), 10 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 10. | https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2012-4405 |
gentoo
|
normal | CVE-2012-4405: 2 GLSA(s) (201402-29, 201412-17), 2 atom(s) (app-text/ghostscript-gpl, media-gfx/argyllcms); latest impact normal. | https://bugs.gentoo.org/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=CVE-2012-4405 |
redhat
|
medium | — | https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2012-4405 |
ubuntu
|
medium | CVE-2012-4405 medium priority: Ubuntu including 5 source packages (argyll, ghostscript, gs-afpl, gs-esp, gs-gpl), 80 status rows across 16 suites (hardy, lucid, natty, oneiric, precise, quantal, raring, saucy, trusty, upstream, utopic, vivid, wily, xenial, yakkety, zesty): DNE 48, not-affected 21, ignored 4, needs-triage 4, released 3. | https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2012-4405 |
| Vendor | Product | Version | Raw CPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| argyllcms | cms | — | cpe:2.3:a:argyllcms:cms:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| color | icclib | — | cpe:2.3:a:color:icclib:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| ghostscript | ghostscript | 9.06 | cpe:2.3:a:ghostscript:ghostscript:9.06:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |