CVE-2013-4491

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/translation_helper.rb in the internationalization component in Ruby on Rails 3.x before 3.2.16 and 4.x before 4.0.2 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a crafted string that triggers generation of a fallback string by the i18n gem.

Published: 2013-12-07 Last update: 2026-06-16 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2013-4491 is rated Moderate Risk (46.9/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 2.23%). EPSS rose +1.52% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2013-4491

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.71% 2.23% +1.52%
2 2025-03-30 2.28% 0.71% -1.57%
3 2025-03-29 — 2.28% —

Full EPSS history (7 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2013-4491

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
4.3 2.0 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:M)
Exploitation needs some favorable conditions, but not exceptional ones.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:N)
No confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:P)
Partial integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:N)
No availability impact.
 8.6 2.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2013-4491

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2013-4491

GHSA-699m-mcjm-9cw8 · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: rubygems — actionpack vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting

OS Trackers for CVE-2013-4491

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2013-4491 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (rails), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2013-4491
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2013-4491
ubuntu medium CVE-2013-4491 medium priority: Ubuntu including 3 source packages (rails, ruby-actionpack-2.3, ruby-actionpack-3.2), 45 status rows across 15 suites (artful, bionic, lucid, precise, quantal, raring, saucy, trusty, upstream, utopic, vivid, wily, xenial, yakkety, zesty): DNE 22, not-affected 12, ignored 9, released 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2013-4491

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2013-4491

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
rubyonrails rails <= 4.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 4.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 4.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 4.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 4.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 4.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:4.0.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.1:pre:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.2 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.2 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.2:pre:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.5 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.5 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.5:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.6:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.6:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.7 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.7 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.7:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.7 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.7:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.8:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.8:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.8:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.8:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.9:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.9:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.9:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.9:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.9:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.10 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.10 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.10:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.11 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.12 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.12 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.12:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.13 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.13 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.13:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.14 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.16 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.17 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.18 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.19 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.0.20 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.0.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.0:rc8:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.1 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.1:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.2 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.2 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.2 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.3 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.4 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.4 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.5 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.5 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.5:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.6 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.7 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.9 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.1.10 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.1.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.2.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 3.2.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:3.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2013-4491

URL Tags
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-12/msg00079.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-12/msg00081.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-12/msg00082.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2014-01/msg00003.html
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1794.html
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-0008.html
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2014-1863.html
http://secunia.com/advisories/57836
http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2013/12/3/Rails_3_2_16_and_4_0_2_have_been_released/
http://www.debian.org/security/2014/dsa-2888
http://www.getchef.com/blog/2014/04/09/enterprise-chef-11-1-3-release/
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/64076
https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=ruby-security-ann/pLrh6DUw998/bLFEyIO4k_EJ
https://puppet.com/security/cve/cve-2013-4491
cvelogic Threat Intelligence