CVE-2016-0785

Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, aka forced double OGNL evaluation.

Published: 2016-04-12 Last update: 2026-05-06 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2016-0785 is rated Moderate Risk (63.7/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 8.81%, 94th percentile). EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2016-0785

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 13.41% 8.81% -4.60%
2 2026-06-01 17.80% 13.41% -4.38%
3 2026-03-18 — 17.80% —

Full EPSS history (18 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2016-0785

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.0 HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]
9.0 2.0 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:S)
A single authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:C)
Complete confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:C)
Complete integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:C)
Complete availability impact.
 8.0 10.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2016-0785

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2016-0785

GHSA-876p-4wgc-75rx · Severity: high · Ecosystem: maven — Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability

OS Trackers for CVE-2016-0785

vendor priority summary link
redhat high — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-0785
suse medium CVE-2016-0785 severity moderate: SUSE including 3 source package names (struts, struts-javadoc, struts-manual), 4 product×package rows across 2 product lines (SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 11 SP4, SUSE Manager Server 2.1): Known Not Affected 4. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-0785/
ubuntu medium CVE-2016-0785 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (libstruts1.2-java), 10 status rows across 10 suites (artful, bionic, cosmic, precise, trusty, upstream, wily, xenial, yakkety, zesty): DNE 8, ignored 1, needs-triage 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-0785

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2016-0785

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apache struts >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.3 cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache struts >= 2.3.21, <= 2.3.24.1 cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2016-0785

URL Tags
http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-029.html Vendor Advisory
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/85066 Third Party Advisory VDB Entry
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035271 Third Party Advisory VDB Entry
cvelogic Threat Intelligence