CVE-2016-2385

Exp

Heap-based buffer overflow in the encode_msg function in encode_msg.c in the SEAS module in Kamailio (formerly OpenSER and SER) before 4.3.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and process crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a large SIP packet.

Published: 2016-04-11 Last update: 2026-05-06 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2016-2385 is rated High Exploit Risk (93.5/100): CVSS Critical severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 30.52%, 98th percentile). 5 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). EPSS rose +9.54% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2016-2385

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
39638 exploit_db edb 2016-03-30 Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2016-2385

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 20.97% 30.52% +9.54%
2 2026-06-08 22.50% 20.97% -1.53%
3 2026-05-16 — 22.50% —

Full EPSS history (15 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2016-2385

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.8 3.0 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 [email protected]
10.0 2.0 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:C)
Complete confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:C)
Complete integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:C)
Complete availability impact.
 10.0 10.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2016-2385

OS Trackers for CVE-2016-2385

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2016-2385 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (kamailio), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-2385
ubuntu medium CVE-2016-2385 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (kamailio), 22 status rows across 22 suites (artful, bionic, cosmic, disco, eoan, focal, groovy, hirsute, impish, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, precise, trusty, upstream, wily, xenial, yakkety, zesty): not-affected 14, ignored 4, DNE 2, released 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-2385

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2016-2385

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
debian debian_linux 8.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
kamailio kamailio <= 4.3.4 cpe:2.3:a:kamailio:kamailio:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2016-2385

cvelogic Threat Intelligence