CVE-2016-4485

The llc_cmsg_rcv function in net/llc/af_llc.c in the Linux kernel before 4.5.5 does not initialize a certain data structure, which allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from kernel stack memory by reading a message.

Published: 2016-05-23 Last update: 2026-06-16 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2016-4485 is rated High Risk (65.6/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 4.67%, 91th percentile). EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. EPSS rose +3.90% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2016-4485

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.77% 4.67% +3.90%
2 2026-05-30 0.46% 0.77% +0.31%
3 2025-08-19 — 0.46% —

Full EPSS history (10 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2016-4485

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.0 HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]
5.0 2.0 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:P)
Partial confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:N)
No integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:N)
No availability impact.
 10.0 2.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2016-4485

OS Trackers for CVE-2016-4485

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2016-4485 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (linux), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-4485
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-4485
suse medium CVE-2016-4485 severity moderate: SUSE including 147 source package names (kernel-bigsmp-3.0.101-0.47.86.1, kernel-bigsmp-base-3.0.101-0.47.86.1, …), 482 product×package rows across 66 product lines (HPE Helion OpenStack 8, SLES for SAP Applications 11 SP3, … (66 product lines)): Known Not Affected 253, Fixed 229. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-4485/
ubuntu medium CVE-2016-4485 medium priority: Ubuntu including 99 source packages (linux, linux-armadaxp, …), 828 status rows across 13 suites (artful, bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, precise, trusty, upstream, wily, xenial, yakkety, zesty): DNE 549, not-affected 133, released 113, ignored 33. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-4485

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2016-4485

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
novell suse_linux_enterprise_software_development_kit 11.0 cpe:2.3:a:novell:suse_linux_enterprise_software_development_kit:11.0:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*
novell suse_linux_enterprise_debuginfo 11 cpe:2.3:o:novell:suse_linux_enterprise_debuginfo:11:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*
novell suse_linux_enterprise_server 11 cpe:2.3:o:novell:suse_linux_enterprise_server:11:extra:*:*:*:*:*:*
novell suse_linux_enterprise_server 11 cpe:2.3:o:novell:suse_linux_enterprise_server:11:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*
canonical ubuntu_linux 12.04 cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:12.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
canonical ubuntu_linux 14.04 cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
canonical ubuntu_linux 15.10 cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:15.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
canonical ubuntu_linux 16.04 cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel <= 4.5.4 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2016-4485

URL Tags
http://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=b8670c09f37bdf2847cc44f36511a53afc6161fd Patch Vendor Advisory
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00044.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00052.html Third Party Advisory
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-08/msg00007.html
http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3607
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/ChangeLog-4.5.5 Release Notes
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/05/04/26 Mailing List
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90015
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2989-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2996-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2997-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2998-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3000-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3001-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3002-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3003-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3004-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3005-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3006-1 Third Party Advisory
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-3007-1 Third Party Advisory
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1333309 Issue Tracking
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b8670c09f37bdf2847cc44f36511a53afc6161fd Patch Vendor Advisory
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