CVE-2016-9122

go-jose before 1.0.4 suffers from multiple signatures exploitation. The go-jose library supports messages with multiple signatures. However, when validating a signed message the API did not indicate which signature was valid, which could potentially lead to confusion. For example, users of the library might mistakenly read protected header values from an attached signature that was different from the one originally validated.

Published: 2017-03-28 Last update: 2026-05-13 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2016-9122 is rated Moderate Risk (48.9/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.31%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2016-9122

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-12-05 0.18% 0.31% +0.13%
2 2025-03-30 0.30% 0.18% -0.11%
3 2025-03-29 — 0.30% —

Full EPSS history (6 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2016-9122

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.0 HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]
5.0 2.0 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:N)
No confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:P)
Partial integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:N)
No availability impact.
 10.0 2.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2016-9122

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2016-9122

GHSA-77gc-fj98-665h · Severity: high · Ecosystem: go — Go JOSE Signature Validation Bypass

OS Trackers for CVE-2016-9122

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2016-9122 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (golang-gopkg-square-go-jose.v1), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-9122
ubuntu medium CVE-2016-9122 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (golang-gopkg-square-go-jose.v1), 6 status rows across 6 suites (precise, trusty, upstream, xenial, yakkety, zesty): DNE 3, ignored 1, not-affected 1, released 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-9122

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2016-9122

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
go-jose_project go-jose <= 1.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:go-jose_project:go-jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2016-9122

URL Tags
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/11/03/1 Mailing List Patch Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/square/go-jose/commit/2c5656adca9909843c4ff50acf1d2cf8f32da7e6 Issue Tracking Patch Third Party Advisory
https://hackerone.com/reports/169629 Permissions Required
cvelogic Threat Intelligence