PrivateVPN 2.0.31 for macOS suffers from a root privilege escalation vulnerability. The software installs a privileged helper tool that runs as the root user. This privileged helper tool is installed as a LaunchDaemon and implements an XPC service. The XPC service is responsible for handling new VPN connection operations via the main PrivateVPN application. The privileged helper tool creates new VPN connections by executing the openvpn binary located in the /Applications/PrivateVPN.app/Contents/Resources directory. The openvpn binary can be overwritten by the default user, which allows an attacker that has already installed malicious software as the default user to replace the binary. When a new VPN connection is established, the privileged helper tool will launch this malicious binary, thus allowing an attacker to execute code as the root user. NOTE: the vendor has reportedly indicated that this behavior is "an acceptable part of their software.
Conclusion & alert: CVE-2018-7311 is rated High Risk (65.1/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 2.28%). Core evidence: EPSS rose +1.64% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. Mandatory action: High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.
Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.
EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).
| # | Date | Old EPSS score | New EPSS score | Delta (New - Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-06-15 | 0.64% | 2.28% | +1.64% |
| 2 | 2025-03-30 | 0.65% | 0.64% | -0.01% |
| 3 | 2025-03-29 | — | 0.65% | — |
Full EPSS history (10 records total)
CVSS metrics for this CVE.
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability | Impact | Score source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.8 | 3.1 | HIGH |
|
2.8 | 5.9 | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 |
| 8.8 | 3.0 | HIGH |
|
2.8 | 5.9 | [email protected] |
| 9.0 | 2.0 | HIGH |
|
8.0 | 10.0 | [email protected] |
| Vendor | Product | Version | Raw CPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| privatevpn | privatevpn | 2.0.31 | cpe:2.3:a:privatevpn:privatevpn:2.0.31:*:*:*:*:macos:*:* |
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://gist.github.com/anonymous/cfc3f3419804b22ee9e82ee8d16a661d | Third Party Advisory |
| https://github.com/VerSprite/research/blob/eba22c8b506be6f7128ef5356281915d5667bfff/advisories/VS-2018-004.md | Third Party Advisory |
| https://github.com/VerSprite/research/blob/master/advisories/VS-2018-004.md | Third Party Advisory |