CVE-2019-0228

Apache PDFBox 2.0.14 does not properly initialize the XML parser, which allows context-dependent attackers to conduct XML External Entity (XXE) attacks via a crafted XFDF.

Published: 2019-04-17 Last update: 2024-11-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2019-0228 is rated High Risk (71.9/100): CVSS Critical severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 13.03%, 94th percentile). EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2019-0228

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-03-18 13.21% 13.03% -0.18%
2 2026-01-31 13.42% 13.21% -0.22%
3 2025-11-21 — 13.42% —

Full EPSS history (22 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2019-0228

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 [email protected]
7.5 2.0 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:P)
Partial confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:P)
Partial integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:P)
Partial availability impact.
 10.0 6.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2019-0228

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2019-0228

GHSA-c9jj-3wvg-q65h · Severity: critical · Ecosystem: maven — Vulnerability that affects org.apache.pdfbox:pdfbox

OS Trackers for CVE-2019-0228

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2019-0228 unimportant priority: Debian including 2 source packages (libpdfbox-java, libpdfbox2-java), 10 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 10. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2019-0228
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2019-0228
ubuntu medium CVE-2019-0228 medium priority: Ubuntu including 2 source packages (libpdfbox-java, libpdfbox2-java), 10 status rows across 5 suites (bionic, cosmic, trusty, upstream, xenial): not-affected 7, DNE 3. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2019-0228

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2019-0228

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apache pdfbox 2.0.14 cpe:2.3:a:apache:pdfbox:2.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache james 3.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:apache:james:3.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache james 3.4.0 cpe:2.3:a:apache:james:3.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
fedoraproject fedora 29 cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
fedoraproject fedora 30 cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_corporate_lending_process_management 14.2 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_corporate_lending_process_management 14.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_corporate_lending_process_management 14.5 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_corporate_lending_process_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_credit_facilities_process_management 14.2 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_credit_facilities_process_management 14.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_credit_facilities_process_management 14.5 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_credit_facilities_process_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_supply_chain_finance 14.2 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_supply_chain_finance 14.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_supply_chain_finance 14.5 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_supply_chain_finance:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_trade_finance_process_management 14.2 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_trade_finance_process_management 14.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_trade_finance_process_management 14.5 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_trade_finance_process_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_virtual_account_management 14.2 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_virtual_account_management:14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_virtual_account_management 14.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_virtual_account_management:14.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle banking_virtual_account_management 14.5 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_virtual_account_management:14.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle communications_messaging_server 8.1 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_messaging_server:8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle communications_session_report_manager >= 8.0.0.0, <= 8.2.4.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_session_report_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle hyperion_financial_reporting 11.1.2.4 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:hyperion_financial_reporting:11.1.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle hyperion_financial_reporting 11.2.6.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:hyperion_financial_reporting:11.2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle peoplesoft_enterprise_peopletools 8.58 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:peoplesoft_enterprise_peopletools:8.58:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle peoplesoft_enterprise_peopletools 8.59 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:peoplesoft_enterprise_peopletools:8.59:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 16.0.6 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:16.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 17.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 18.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:18.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle webcenter_sites 12.2.1.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:webcenter_sites:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle webcenter_sites 12.2.1.4.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:webcenter_sites:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle communications_messaging_server 8.1 cpe:2.3:o:oracle:communications_messaging_server:8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2019-0228

URL Tags
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1a3756557f8cb02790b7183ccf7665ae23f608a421c4f723113bca79%40%3Cusers.pdfbox.apache.org%3E
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/8a19bd6d43e359913341043c2a114f91f9e4ae170059539ad1f5673c%40%3Ccommits.tika.apache.org%3E
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/bc8db1bf459f1ad909da47350ed554ee745abe9f25f2b50cad4e06dd%40%3Cserver-dev.james.apache.org%3E
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/be86fcd7cd423a3fe6b73a3cb9d7cac0b619d0deb99e6b5d172c98f4%40%3Ccommits.tika.apache.org%3E
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0a2141abeddae66dd57025f1681c8425834062b7c0c7e0b1d830a95d%40%3Cusers.pdfbox.apache.org%3E
https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r32b8102392a174b17fd19509a9e76047f74852b77b7bf46af95e45a2%40%3Cserver-dev.james.apache.org%3E
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6HKVPTJWZGUB4MH4AAOWMRJHRDBYFHGJ/
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/POPOGHJ5CVMUVCRQU7APBAN5IVZGZFDX/
https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html Third Party Advisory
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html Third Party Advisory
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html Third Party Advisory
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html Third Party Advisory
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