CVE-2019-5427

Exp

c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.

Published: 2019-04-22 Last update: 2025-09-05 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2019-5427 is rated High Exploit Risk (76.2/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 4.88%, 91th percentile). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2019-5427

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2019-5427

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 5.51% 4.88% -0.63%
2 2026-06-07 5.65% 5.51% -0.14%
3 2026-05-24 — 5.65% —

Full EPSS history (63 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2019-5427

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]
5.0 2.0 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:N)
No confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:N)
No integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:P)
Partial availability impact.
 10.0 2.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2019-5427

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2019-5427

OS Trackers for CVE-2019-5427

vendor priority summary link
debian low CVE-2019-5427 low priority: Debian including 1 source packages (c3p0), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 4, open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2019-5427
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2019-5427
suse low — https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2019-5427/
ubuntu medium CVE-2019-5427 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (c3p0), 18 status rows across 18 suites (bionic, cosmic, disco, eoan, focal, groovy, hirsute, impish, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, trusty, upstream, xenial): released 10, ignored 8. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2019-5427

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2019-5427

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
mchange c3p0 < 0.9.5.4 cpe:2.3:a:mchange:c3p0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
fedoraproject fedora 29 cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
fedoraproject fedora 30 cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle communications_ip_service_activator 7.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_ip_service_activator:7.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle communications_ip_service_activator 7.4.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_ip_service_activator:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle communications_session_route_manager >= 8.2.0, <= 8.2.2 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_session_route_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle documaker >= 12.6.0, <= 12.6.6 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:documaker:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle enterprise_manager_base_platform 13.2.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_base_platform:13.2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle enterprise_manager_ops_center 12.4.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:enterprise_manager_ops_center:12.4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle flexcube_private_banking 12.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle flexcube_private_banking 12.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:12.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle hyperion_infrastructure_technology 11.1.2.4 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:hyperion_infrastructure_technology:11.1.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 15.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 16.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 17.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 18.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:18.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service 19.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:19.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle webcenter_sites 12.2.1.3.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:webcenter_sites:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle webcenter_sites 12.2.1.4.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:webcenter_sites:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2019-5427

cvelogic Threat Intelligence