In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: can: j1939: fix errant WARN_ON_ONCE in j1939_session_deactivate The conclusion "j1939_session_deactivate() should be called with a session ref-count of at least 2" is incorrect. In some concurrent scenarios, j1939_session_deactivate can be called with the session ref-count less than 2. But there is not any problem because it will check the session active state before session putting in j1939_session_deactivate_locked(). Here is the concurrent scenario of the problem reported by syzbot and my reproduction log. cpu0 cpu1 j1939_xtp_rx_eoma j1939_xtp_rx_abort_one j1939_session_get_by_addr [kref == 2] j1939_session_get_by_addr [kref == 3] j1939_session_deactivate [kref == 2] j1939_session_put [kref == 1] j1939_session_completed j1939_session_deactivate WARN_ON_ONCE(kref < 2) ===================================================== WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 21 at net/can/j1939/transport.c:1088 j1939_session_deactivate+0x5f/0x70 CPU: 1 PID: 21 Comm: ksoftirqd/1 Not tainted 5.14.0-rc7+ #32 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:j1939_session_deactivate+0x5f/0x70 Call Trace: j1939_session_deactivate_activate_next+0x11/0x28 j1939_xtp_rx_eoma+0x12a/0x180 j1939_tp_recv+0x4a2/0x510 j1939_can_recv+0x226/0x380 can_rcv_filter+0xf8/0x220 can_receive+0x102/0x220 ? process_backlog+0xf0/0x2c0 can_rcv+0x53/0xf0 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0x67/0x90 ? process_backlog+0x97/0x2c0 __netif_receive_skb+0x22/0x80
Conclusion & alert: CVE-2021-4454 is rated Low Risk (25.6/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.20%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.
Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.
EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).
| # | Date | Old EPSS score | New EPSS score | Delta (New - Old) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2026-06-15 | 0.02% | 0.20% | +0.18% |
| 2 | 2026-05-07 | 0.06% | 0.02% | -0.04% |
| 3 | 2026-01-21 | — | 0.06% | — |
Full EPSS history (4 records total)
CVSS metrics for this CVE.
| Base score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability | Impact | Score source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.5 | 3.1 | MEDIUM |
|
1.8 | 3.6 | [email protected] |
| vendor | priority | summary | link |
|---|---|---|---|
debian
|
not yet assigned | CVE-2021-4454 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (linux), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. | https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2021-4454 |
redhat
|
low | — | https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-4454 |
suse
|
medium | — | https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-4454/ |
ubuntu
|
medium | CVE-2021-4454 medium priority: Ubuntu including 158 source packages (linux, linux-allwinner-5.19, …), 1551 status rows across 10 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 1145, ignored 146, released 138, not-affected 121, needs-triage 1. | https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2021-4454 |
| Vendor | Product | Version | Raw CPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 5.4.138, < 5.4.232 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 5.10.56, < 5.10.168 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 5.13.8, < 5.14 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 5.14.1, < 5.15.93 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | >= 5.16, < 6.1.11 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 5.14 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.14:-:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 5.14 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.14:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 5.14 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.14:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 5.14 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.14:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 5.14 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.14:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.2 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.2 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.2 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.2 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.2 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:* |
| linux | linux_kernel | 6.2 | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.2:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:* |