CVE-2022-23598 [Medium] | XSS in Laminas-Form

laminas-form is a package for validating and displaying simple and complex forms. When rendering validation error messages via the `formElementErrors()` view helper shipped with laminas-form, many messages will contain the submitted value. However, in laminas-form prior to version 3.1.1, the value was not being escaped for HTML contexts, which could potentially lead to a reflected cross-site scripting attack. Versions 3.1.1 and above contain a patch to mitigate the vulnerability. A workaround is available. One may manually place code at the top of a view script where one calls the `formElementErrors()` view helper. More information about this workaround is available on the GitHub Security Advisory.

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-01-19	0.38%	0.34%	-0.05%
2	2025-04-11	0.24%	0.38%	+0.14%
3	2025-04-04	—	0.24%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-01-19

0.38%

0.34%

-0.05%

2025-04-11

0.24%

0.38%

+0.14%

2025-04-04

—

0.24%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
6.1	3.1	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:N) No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough. User interaction (UI:R) A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land. Scope (S:C) Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius. Confidentiality (C:L) Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump. Integrity (I:L) Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes. Availability (A:N) Service keeps running; no real outage angle.	2.8	2.7	[email protected]
6.1	3.1	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:N) No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough. User interaction (UI:R) A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land. Scope (S:C) Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius. Confidentiality (C:L) Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump. Integrity (I:L) Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes. Availability (A:N) Service keeps running; no real outage angle.	2.8	2.7	[email protected]
4.3	2.0	MEDIUM	`AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N` Click to expand Access vector (AV:N) Can be exploited remotely over network reachability. Access complexity (AC:M) Exploitation needs some favorable conditions, but not exceptional ones. Authentication (AU:N) No authentication is required. Confidentiality impact (C:N) No confidentiality impact. Integrity impact (I:P) Partial integrity impact. Availability impact (A:N) No availability impact.	8.6	2.9	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

6.1

3.1

MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N): No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R): A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C): Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L): Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L): Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N): Service keeps running; no real outage angle.

2.8

2.7

[email protected]

6.1

3.1

MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N): No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R): A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C): Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L): Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L): Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N): Service keeps running; no real outage angle.

2.8

2.7

[email protected]

4.3

2.0

MEDIUM

AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N Click to expand

Access vector (AV:N): Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:M): Exploitation needs some favorable conditions, but not exceptional ones.
Authentication (AU:N): No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:N): No confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:P): Partial integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:N): No availability impact.

8.6

2.9

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2022-23598

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
getlaminas	laminas-form	< 2.17.1	cpe:2.3:a:getlaminas:laminas-form::::::::
getlaminas	laminas-form	>= 3.0.0, < 3.0.2	cpe:2.3:a:getlaminas:laminas-form::::::::
getlaminas	laminas-form	3.1.0	cpe:2.3:a:getlaminas:laminas-form:3.1.0:::::::*
fedoraproject	fedora	34	cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:::::::*
fedoraproject	fedora	35	cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:::::::*

References for CVE-2022-23598

URL	Tags
https://getlaminas.org/security/advisory/LP-2022-01	Mitigation Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/laminas/laminas-form/commit/43005a3ec4c2292d4f825273768d9b884acbca37	Patch Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/laminas/laminas-form/security/advisories/GHSA-jq4p-mq33-w375	Mitigation Third Party Advisory
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CFF6WJ5I7PSEBRF6I753WKE2BXFBGQXE/
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SLNABVK26CE4PFL57VLY242FW3QY4CPC/

URL

CVE-2022-23598 | Reflected XSS vulnerability when rendering error messages in laminas-form

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2022-23598

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2022-23598

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2022-23598

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2022-23598

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2022-23598

References for CVE-2022-23598