CVE-2022-31481 | Remote Code Execution via buffer overflow in firmware update process

An unauthenticated attacker can send a specially crafted update file to the device that can overflow a buffer. This vulnerability impacts products based on HID Mercury Intelligent Controllers LP1501, LP1502, LP2500, LP4502, and EP4502 which contain firmware versions prior to 1.302 for the LP series and 1.296 for the EP series. The overflowed data can allow the attacker to manipulate the “normal” code execution to that of their choosing. An attacker with this level of access on the device can monitor all communications sent to and from this device, modify onboard relays, change configuration files, or cause the device to become unstable.

Published: 2022-06-06 Last update: 2024-11-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2022-31481 is rated High Risk (67.3/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 1.24%). High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2022-31481

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-12-15 1.51% 1.24% -0.27%
2 2025-11-21 1.24% 1.51% +0.27%
3 2025-11-18 — 1.24% —

Full EPSS history (17 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2022-31481

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
10.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 6.0 [email protected]
10.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 6.0 [email protected]
7.5 2.0 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P Click to expand
Access vector (AV:N)
Can be exploited remotely over network reachability.
Access complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and predictable.
Authentication (AU:N)
No authentication is required.
Confidentiality impact (C:P)
Partial confidentiality impact.
Integrity impact (I:P)
Partial integrity impact.
Availability impact (A:P)
Partial availability impact.
 10.0 6.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2022-31481

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2022-31481

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
hidglobal lp1501_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:hidglobal:lp1501_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
hidglobal lp1502_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:hidglobal:lp1502_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
hidglobal lp2500_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:hidglobal:lp2500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
hidglobal lp4502_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:hidglobal:lp4502_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
hidglobal ep4502_firmware < 1.296 cpe:2.3:o:hidglobal:ep4502_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_lnl-4420_firmware < 1.296 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_lnl-4420_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_lnl-x2210_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_lnl-x2210_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_lnl-x2220_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_lnl-x2220_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_lnl-x3300_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_lnl-x3300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_lnl-x4420_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_lnl-x4420_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_s2-lp-1501_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_s2-lp-1501_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_s2-lp-1502_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_s2-lp-1502_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_s2-lp-2500_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_s2-lp-2500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
carrier lenels2_s2-lp-4502_firmware < 1.302 cpe:2.3:o:carrier:lenels2_s2-lp-4502_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2022-31481

cvelogic Threat Intelligence