CVE-2022-45442 | Sinatra vulnerable to Reflected File Download attack

Exp

Sinatra is a domain-specific language for creating web applications in Ruby. An issue was discovered in Sinatra 2.0 before 2.2.3 and 3.0 before 3.0.4. An application is vulnerable to a reflected file download (RFD) attack that sets the Content-Disposition header of a response when the filename is derived from user-supplied input. Version 2.2.3 and 3.0.4 contain patches for this issue.

Published: 2022-11-28 Last update: 2025-11-04 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2022-45442 is rated High Exploit Risk (70.6/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.36%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2022-45442

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2022-45442

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-24 0.29% 0.36% +0.07%
2 2025-11-21 0.48% 0.29% -0.20%
3 2025-11-18 — 0.48% —

Full EPSS history (16 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2022-45442

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2022-45442

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2022-45442

GHSA-2x8x-jmrp-phxw · Severity: high · Ecosystem: rubygems — Sinatra vulnerable to Reflected File Download attack

OS Trackers for CVE-2022-45442

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2022-45442 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (ruby-sinatra), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-45442
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-45442
suse high — https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-45442/
ubuntu medium CVE-2022-45442 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (ruby-sinatra), 12 status rows across 12 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, trusty, upstream, xenial): not-affected 5, released 5, ignored 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2022-45442

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2022-45442

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
sinatrarb sinatra >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.3 cpe:2.3:a:sinatrarb:sinatra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
sinatrarb sinatra >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.4 cpe:2.3:a:sinatrarb:sinatra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
debian debian_linux 10.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2022-45442

cvelogic Threat Intelligence