CVE-2023-21528 | Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Published: 2023-02-14 Last update: 2024-11-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-21528 is rated Moderate Risk (42.2/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.39%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-21528

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.17% 0.39% +0.23%
2 2026-03-04 0.11% 0.17% +0.05%
3 2025-11-21 — 0.11% —

Full EPSS history (15 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-21528

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-21528

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-21528

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
microsoft sql_server 2008 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2008:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft sql_server 2012 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2012:sp4:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft sql_server 2014 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2014:sp3:*:*:*:*:*:*
microsoft sql_server 2016 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2016:sp3:*:*:*:*:x64:*
microsoft sql_server 2017 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2017:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
microsoft sql_server 2019 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2019:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
microsoft sql_server 2022 cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sql_server:2022:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*

References for CVE-2023-21528

cvelogic Threat Intelligence