CVE-2023-25537 [Medium] | Out-of-bounds Write in Poweredge R740 Firmware

Dell PowerEdge 14G server BIOS versions prior to 2.18.1 and Dell Precision BIOS versions prior to 2.18.2, contain an Out of Bounds write vulnerability. A local attacker with low privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to exposure of some SMRAM stack/data/code in System Management Mode, leading to arbitrary code execution or escalation of privilege.

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-06-15	0.06%	0.18%	+0.12%
2	2026-06-09	0.03%	0.06%	+0.02%
3	2025-11-21	—	0.03%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-06-15

0.06%

0.18%

+0.12%

2026-06-09

0.03%

0.06%

+0.02%

2025-11-21

—

0.03%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
6.1	3.1	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:L) They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:N) Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way. Integrity (I:L) Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	1.8	4.2	[email protected]
7.8	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:L) They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	1.8	5.9	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

6.1

3.1

MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:L): They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N): Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:L): Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

1.8

4.2

[email protected]

7.8

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:L): They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

1.8

5.9

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-25537

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
dell	poweredge_r740_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r740_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r740xd_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r740xd_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r640_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r640_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r940_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r940_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r540_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r540_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r440_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r440_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_t440_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_t440_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_xr2_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_xr2_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r740xd2_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r740xd2_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r840_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r840_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_r940xa_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_r940xa_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_t640_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_t640_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_c6420_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_c6420_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_fc640_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_fc640_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_m640_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_m640_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_mx740c_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_mx740c_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_mx840c_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_mx840c_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_c4140_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_c4140_firmware::::::::
dell	dss_8440_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:dss_8440_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_xe2420_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_xe2420_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_xe7420_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_xe7420_firmware::::::::
dell	poweredge_xe7440_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:poweredge_xe7440_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_storage_nx3240_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_storage_nx3240_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_storage_nx3340_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_storage_nx3340_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_xc_core_6420_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_xc_core_6420_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_xc_core_xc640_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_xc_core_xc640_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_xc_core_xc740xd_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_xc_core_xc740xd_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_xc_core_xc740xd2_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_xc_core_xc740xd2_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_xc_core_xc940_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_xc_core_xc940_firmware::::::::
dell	emc_xc_core_xcxr2_firmware	< 2.18.1	cpe:2.3:o:dell:emc_xc_core_xcxr2_firmware::::::::

References for CVE-2023-25537

URL	Tags
https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000213550/dsa-2023-098-security-update-for-dell-poweredge-14g-server-bios-for-an-out-of-bounds-write-vulnerability	Vendor Advisory

URL

CVE-2023-25537

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-25537

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-25537

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-25537

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-25537

References for CVE-2023-25537