CVE-2023-25584 | Out of bounds read in parse_module function in bfd/vms-alpha.c

An out-of-bounds read flaw was found in the parse_module function in bfd/vms-alpha.c in Binutils.

Published: 2023-09-14 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-25584 is rated Low Risk (35.9/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.38%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-25584

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.01% 0.38% +0.36%
2 2025-11-21 0.07% 0.01% -0.06%
3 2025-11-18 — 0.07% —

Full EPSS history (12 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-25584

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
6.3 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.0 5.2 [email protected]
7.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 1.8 5.2 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-25584

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-25584

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2023-25584: 1 source package rows (binutils); 29 state rows across 6 repos (3.17-main, 3.19-main, 3.20-main, 3.21-main, 3.22-main, edge-main); fixed 0, open 29. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2023-25584
debian unimportant CVE-2023-25584 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (binutils), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 4, open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-25584
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-25584
suse medium CVE-2023-25584 severity moderate: SUSE including 6 source package names (binutils, binutils-devel, binutils-devel-32bit, binutils-gold, libctf-nobfd0, libctf0), 130 product×package rows across 36 product lines (SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0, SUSE Enterprise Storage 7, … (36 product lines)): Known Not Affected 130. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-25584/
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-25584 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (binutils), 8 status rows across 8 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, kinetic, lunar, trusty, upstream, xenial): released 4, ignored 2, needs-triage 1, not-affected 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-25584

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-25584

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
gnu binutils < 2.40 cpe:2.3:a:gnu:binutils:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-25584

cvelogic Threat Intelligence