CVE-2023-28100 | TIOCLINUX can send commands outside sandbox if running on a virtual console

Flatpak is a system for building, distributing, and running sandboxed desktop applications on Linux. Versions prior to 1.10.8, 1.12.8, 1.14.4, and 1.15.4 contain a vulnerability similar to CVE-2017-5226, but using the `TIOCLINUX` ioctl command instead of `TIOCSTI`. If a Flatpak app is run on a Linux virtual console such as `/dev/tty1`, it can copy text from the virtual console and paste it into the command buffer, from which the command might be run after the Flatpak app has exited. Ordinary graphical terminal emulators like xterm, gnome-terminal and Konsole are unaffected. This vulnerability is specific to the Linux virtual consoles `/dev/tty1`, `/dev/tty2` and so on. A patch is available in versions 1.10.8, 1.12.8, 1.14.4, and 1.15.4. As a workaround, don't run Flatpak on a Linux virtual console. Flatpak is primarily designed to be used in a Wayland or X11 graphical environment.

Published: 2023-03-16 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-28100 is rated Moderate Risk (59.1/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.87%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-28100

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.70% 0.87% +0.17%
2 2026-04-03 0.60% 0.70% +0.10%
3 2026-03-20 — 0.60% —

Full EPSS history (24 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-28100

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
10.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 6.0 [email protected]
6.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.0 4.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-28100

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-28100

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2023-28100: 1 source package rows (flatpak); 11 state rows across 2 repos (3.22-community, edge-community); fixed 0, open 11. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2023-28100
debian not yet assigned CVE-2023-28100 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (flatpak), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-28100
gentoo high CVE-2023-28100: 1 GLSA(s) (202312-12), 1 atom(s) (sys-apps/flatpak); latest impact high. https://bugs.gentoo.org/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=CVE-2023-28100
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28100
suse high CVE-2023-28100 severity important: SUSE including 73 source package names (flatpak, flatpak-1.10.8-1.el8, …), 157 product×package rows across 26 product lines (SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0, SUSE Enterprise Storage 7, … (26 product lines)): Fixed 150, Known Not Affected 7. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28100/
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-28100 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (flatpak), 13 status rows across 13 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): ignored 7, needs-triage 6. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-28100

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28100

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
flatpak flatpak < 1.10.8 cpe:2.3:a:flatpak:flatpak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
flatpak flatpak >= 1.12.0, < 1.12.8 cpe:2.3:a:flatpak:flatpak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
flatpak flatpak >= 1.14.0, < 1.14.4 cpe:2.3:a:flatpak:flatpak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
flatpak flatpak >= 1.15.0, < 1.15.4 cpe:2.3:a:flatpak:flatpak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-28100

cvelogic Threat Intelligence