CVE-2023-28120

There is a vulnerability in ActiveSupport if the new bytesplice method is called on a SafeBuffer with untrusted user input.

Published: 2025-01-09 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Deferred，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-28120 is rated Moderate Risk (41/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.91%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-28120

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.40% 0.91% +0.51%
2 2026-03-05 0.52% 0.40% -0.12%
3 2026-03-04 — 0.52% —

Full EPSS history (25 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-28120

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.3 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 1.4 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-28120

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-28120

GHSA-pj73-v5mw-pm9j · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: rubygems — Possible XSS Security Vulnerability in SafeBuffer#bytesplice

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-28120

vendor priority summary link
alpine medium CVE-2023-28120: 1 source package rows (ruby-activesupport); 7 state rows across 7 repos (3.17-community, 3.18-community, 3.19-community, 3.20-community, 3.21-community, 3.22-community, edge-community); fixed 7, open 0. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2023-28120
debian not yet assigned CVE-2023-28120 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (rails), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-28120
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28120
suse medium CVE-2023-28120 severity moderate: SUSE including 261 source package names (2.17-17.3:rmt-server-2.13-150500.3.3.1, 2.17-17.3:rmt-server-config-2.13-150500.3.3.1, …), 311 product×package rows across 40 product lines (Container suse/rmt-server, SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0, … (40 product lines)): Known Affected 231, Fixed 66, Known Not Affected 14. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28120/
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-28120 medium priority: Ubuntu including 7 source packages (rails, rails-4.0, …), 55 status rows across 13 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 30, needs-triage 13, ignored 12. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-28120

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28120

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
No affected products in dataset.

References for CVE-2023-28120

cvelogic Threat Intelligence