CVE-2023-28198

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.4 and iPadOS 16.4, macOS Ventura 13.3. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.

Published: 2023-08-14 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-28198 is rated Moderate Risk (54.3/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.82%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-28198

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.06% 0.82% +0.77%
2 2025-11-21 1.37% 0.06% -1.31%
3 2025-11-18 — 1.37% —

Full EPSS history (11 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-28198

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-28198

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-28198

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2023-28198 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 2 source packages (webkit2gtk, wpewebkit), 10 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 8, open 2. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-28198
gentoo high CVE-2023-28198: 1 GLSA(s) (202401-04), 1 atom(s) (net-libs/webkit-gtk); latest impact high. https://bugs.gentoo.org/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=CVE-2023-28198
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28198
suse high CVE-2023-28198 severity important: SUSE including 122 source package names (WebKitGTK-4.0-lang-2.40.5-150400.4.51.1, WebKitGTK-4.0-lang-2.42.5-150600.10.35, …), 268 product×package rows across 31 product lines (SUSE Liberty Linux 8, SUSE Liberty Linux 9, … (31 product lines)): Fixed 201, Known Not Affected 67. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28198/
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-28198 medium priority: Ubuntu including 5 source packages (qtwebkit-opensource-src, qtwebkit-source, webkit2gtk, webkitgtk, wpewebkit), 45 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, lunar, mantic, noble, trusty, upstream, xenial): ignored 21, DNE 16, released 4, needs-triage 2, not-affected 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-28198

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28198

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apple ipados < 16.4 cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apple iphone_os < 16.4 cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apple macos >= 13.0, < 13.3 cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
webkitgtk webkitgtk < 2.40.1 cpe:2.3:a:webkitgtk:webkitgtk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
wpewebkit wpe_webkit < 2.40.1 cpe:2.3:a:wpewebkit:wpe_webkit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-28198

cvelogic Threat Intelligence