CVE-2023-28540 [Critical] | Authentication Bypass in 315 5g Iot Modem Firmware

CVE-2023-28540 is rated Moderate Risk (48.6/100): CVSS Critical severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.43%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-06-15	0.12%	0.43%	+0.31%
2	2025-03-30	0.25%	0.12%	-0.13%
3	2025-03-29	—	0.25%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-06-15

0.12%

0.43%

+0.31%

2025-03-30

0.25%

0.12%

-0.13%

2025-03-29

—

0.25%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
9.1	3.1	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:N) No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:N) Service keeps running; no real outage angle.	3.9	5.2	[email protected]
7.5	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:N) No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:N) Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:N) Service keeps running; no real outage angle.	3.9	3.6	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

9.1

3.1

CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N): No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N): Service keeps running; no real outage angle.

3.9

5.2

[email protected]

7.5

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N): No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N): Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N): Service keeps running; no real outage angle.

3.9

3.6

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28540

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
qualcomm	315_5g_iot_modem_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:315_5g_iot_modem_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	aqt1000_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:aqt1000_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	ar8035_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:ar8035_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	csra6620_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:csra6620_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	csra6640_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:csra6640_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn3991_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn3991_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn3998_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn3998_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn6750_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn6750_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6390_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6390_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn685x-5_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn685x-5_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn685x-1_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn685x-1_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn785x-1_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn785x-1_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	wcn785x-5_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:wcn785x-5_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6391_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6391_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6420_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6420_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6421_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6421_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6426_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6426_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6430_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6430_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6431_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6431_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6436_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6436_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6574a_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6574a_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6574au_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6574au_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6595au_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6595au_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6696_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6696_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca6698aq_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca6698aq_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca8081_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca8081_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qca8337_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qca8337_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcc710_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcc710_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm2290_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm2290_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm4290_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm4290_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm4325_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm4325_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm4490_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm4490_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm6125_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm6125_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm6490_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm6490_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcm8550_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcm8550_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcn6024_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcn6024_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcn6224_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcn6224_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcn6274_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcn6274_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcn9024_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcn9024_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs2290_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs2290_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs410_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs410_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs4290_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs4290_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs4490_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs4490_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs610_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs610_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs6125_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs6125_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs6490_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs6490_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qcs8550_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qcs8550_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qfw7114_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qfw7114_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qfw7124_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qfw7124_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	msm8905_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:msm8905_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	qm215_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:qm215_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd_675_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd_675_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd460_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd460_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd662_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd662_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd675_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd675_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd730_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd730_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd855_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd855_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd865_5g_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd865_5g_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sd888_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sd888_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sdx55_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sdx55_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sdx57m_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sdx57m_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sg4150p_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sg4150p_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sg8275p_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sg8275p_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm6250_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm6250_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm6250p_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm6250p_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm7250p_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm7250p_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm7315_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm7315_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm7325p_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm7325p_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm8550p_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm8550p_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	apq5053-aa_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:apq5053-aa_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	snapdragon_210_processor_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_210_processor_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	snapdragon_212_mobile_platform_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_212_mobile_platform_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm4375_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm4375_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	snapdragon_4_gen_2_mobile_platform_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_4_gen_2_mobile_platform_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sdm439_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sdm439_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm4250-aa_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm4250-aa_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm4350_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm4350_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm4350-ac_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm4350-ac_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	snapdragon_662_mobile_platform_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:snapdragon_662_mobile_platform_firmware:-:::::::*
qualcomm	sm6125_firmware	—	cpe:2.3:o:qualcomm:sm6125_firmware:-:::::::*

References for CVE-2023-28540

URL	Tags
https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/october-2023-bulletin	Vendor Advisory

URL

CVE-2023-28540 | Improper Authentication in Data Modem

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-28540

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-28540

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-28540

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28540

References for CVE-2023-28540