CVE-2023-28709 | Apache Tomcat: Fix for CVE-2023-24998 is incomplete

The fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete for Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M2 to 11.0.0-M4, 10.1.5 to 10.1.7, 9.0.71 to 9.0.73 and 8.5.85 to 8.5.87. If non-default HTTP connector settings were used such that the maxParameterCount could be reached using query string parameters and a request was submitted that supplied exactly maxParameterCount parameters in the query string, the limit for uploaded request parts could be bypassed with the potential for a denial of service to occur.

Published: 2023-05-22 Last update: 2025-02-13 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-28709 is rated Moderate Risk (52.7/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.47%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-28709

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-20 0.36% 0.47% +0.11%
2 2026-03-04 0.09% 0.36% +0.26%
3 2026-03-01 — 0.09% —

Full EPSS history (52 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-28709

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-28709

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-28709

GHSA-cx6h-86xw-9x34 · Severity: high · Ecosystem: maven — Apache Tomcat - Fix for CVE-2023-24998 was incomplete

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-28709

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2023-28709 unimportant priority: Debian including 2 source packages (tomcat10, tomcat9), 9 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 9. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-28709
gentoo low CVE-2023-28709: 1 GLSA(s) (202305-37), 1 atom(s) (www-servers/tomcat); latest impact low. https://bugs.gentoo.org/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=CVE-2023-28709
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28709
suse high CVE-2023-28709 severity important: SUSE including 358 source package names (5.0.0-beta1.2.122:tomcat-9.0.75-150200.41.1, 5.0.0-beta1.2.122:tomcat-el-3_0-api-9.0.75-150200.41.1, …), 645 product×package rows across 56 product lines (Container containers/apache-tomcat, Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server, … (56 product lines)): Fixed 413, Known Affected 231, Will Not Fix 1. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-28709/
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-28709 medium priority: Ubuntu including 6 source packages (tomcat10, tomcat11, tomcat6, tomcat7, tomcat8, tomcat9), 53 status rows across 13 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 25, ignored 19, needs-triage 9. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-28709

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28709

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
apache tomcat >= 8.5.85, <= 8.5.87 cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache tomcat >= 9.0.71, <= 9.0.73 cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache tomcat >= 10.1.5, <= 10.1.7 cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache tomcat 11.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone2:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache tomcat 11.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone3:*:*:*:*:*:*
apache tomcat 11.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone4:*:*:*:*:*:*
debian debian_linux 12.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
netapp 7-mode_transition_tool — cpe:2.3:a:netapp:7-mode_transition_tool:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-28709

cvelogic Threat Intelligence