CVE-2023-28831

The OPC UA implementations (ANSI C and C++) in affected products contain an integer overflow vulnerability that could cause the application to run into an infinite loop during certificate validation. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to create a denial of service condition by sending a specially crafted certificate.

Published: 2023-09-12 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2023-28831 is rated Moderate Risk (53.2/100): CVSS High severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.82%). Mandatory action: Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-28831

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.71% 0.82% +0.10%
2 2026-06-07 0.64% 0.71% +0.07%
3 2026-04-09 0.64%

Full EPSS history (15 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-28831

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.7 4.0 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Exploitation conditions are straightforward and stable.
Attack requirements (AT:N)
No additional preconditions are required beyond normal reachability.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:N)
No confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N)
No integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:H)
High availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:N)
No confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:N)
No integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:N)
No availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X)
Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X)
Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X)
Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X)
Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X)
Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X)
Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X)
Not evaluated.
[email protected]
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
3.9 3.6 [email protected]
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
3.9 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-28831

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-28831

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
siemens simatic_cloud_connect_7_cc712_firmware < 2.2 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_cloud_connect_7_cc712_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_cloud_connect_7_cc716_firmware < 2.2 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_cloud_connect_7_cc716_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_drive_controller_cpu_1504d_tf_firmware < 2.2 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_drive_controller_cpu_1504d_tf_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_drive_controller_cpu_1507d_tf_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_drive_controller_cpu_1507d_tf_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_et_200sp_open_controller_cpu_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_et_200sp_open_controller_cpu_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1200_cpu_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1200_cpu_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1510sp-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1510sp-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1510sp_f-1_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1510sp_f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_firmware < 21.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511c-1_pn_firmware < 30.0.0 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511c-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511f-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511t-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511t-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511tf-1_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1511tf-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1512c-1_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1512c-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1512sp-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1512sp-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1512sp_f-1_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1512sp_f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1513-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1513-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1513f-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1513f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1513r-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1513r-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514sp-2_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514sp-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514sp_f-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514sp_f-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514spt-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514spt-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514spt_f-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1514spt_f-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515r-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515r-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515t-2_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515t-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515tf-2_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1515tf-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516f-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516f-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516t-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516t-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516tf-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1516tf-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517f-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517f-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517h-3_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517h-3_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517t-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517t-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517tf-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1517tf-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_firmware < 21.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_mfp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_mfp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518f-4_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518f-4_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518f-4_pn\/dp_mfp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518f-4_pn\/dp_mfp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518hf-4_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518hf-4_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518t-4_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518t-4_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518tf-4_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_1518tf-4_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_s7-1518-4_pn\/dp_odk_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_s7-1518-4_pn\/dp_odk_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_cpu_s7-1518f-4_pn\/dp_odk_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_cpu_s7-1518f-4_pn\/dp_odk_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_et_200pro_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_et_200pro_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-1500_software_controller_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-1500_software_controller_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens simatic_s7-plcsim_advanced_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:simatic_s7-plcsim_advanced_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp-1_pn_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp-1_pn_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp_f-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp_f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp_f-1_pn_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1510sp_f-1_pn_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp-1_pn_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp-1_pn_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp_f-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp_f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp_f-1_pn_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_et_200sp_cpu_1512sp_f-1_pn_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_t1_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_t1_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_tx_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511-1_pn_tx_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511f-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1511f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1513-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1513-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1513f-1_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1513f-1_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_t2_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515f-2_pn_t2_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515r-2_pn_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515r-2_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515r-2_pn_tx_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1515r-2_pn_tx_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_tx_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516-3_pn\/dp_tx_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516f-3_pn\/dp_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516f-3_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516f-3_pn\/dp_rail_firmware < 2.9.7 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1516f-3_pn\/dp_rail_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1517h-3_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1517h-3_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_mfp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518-4_pn\/dp_mfp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518f-4_pn\/dp_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518f-4_pn\/dp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
siemens siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518hf-4_pn_firmware < 3.0.3 cpe:2.3:o:siemens:siplus_s7-1500_cpu_1518hf-4_pn_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-28831

cvelogic Threat Intelligence