CVE-2023-30549 | Unpatched extfs vulnerabilities are exploitable through suid-mode Apptainer

Apptainer is an open source container platform for Linux. There is an ext4 use-after-free flaw that is exploitable through versions of Apptainer < 1.1.0 and installations that include apptainer-suid < 1.1.8 on older operating systems where that CVE has not been patched. That includes Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, Debian 10 buster (unless the linux-5.10 package is installed), Ubuntu 18.04 bionic and Ubuntu 20.04 focal. Use-after-free flaws in the kernel can be used to attack the kernel for denial of service and potentially for privilege escalation. Apptainer 1.1.8 includes a patch that by default disables mounting of extfs filesystem types in setuid-root mode, while continuing to allow mounting of extfs filesystems in non-setuid "rootless" mode using fuse2fs. Some workarounds are possible. Either do not install apptainer-suid (for versions 1.1.0 through 1.1.7) or set `allow setuid = no` in apptainer.conf. This requires having unprivileged user namespaces enabled and except for apptainer 1.1.x versions will disallow mounting of sif files, extfs files, and squashfs files in addition to other, less significant impacts. (Encrypted sif files are also not supported unprivileged in apptainer 1.1.x.). Alternatively, use the `limit containers` options in apptainer.conf/singularity.conf to limit sif files to trusted users, groups, and/or paths, and set `allow container extfs = no` to disallow mounting of extfs overlay files. The latter option by itself does not disallow mounting of extfs overlay partitions inside SIF files, so that's why the former options are also needed.

Published: 2023-04-25 Last update: 2024-11-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2023-30549 is rated Low Risk (30.3/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.03%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-30549

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-11-21 0.17% 0.03% -0.15%
2 2025-11-18 0.03% 0.17% +0.14%
3 2025-04-15 0.03%

Full EPSS history (7 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-30549

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
2.5 4.0 [email protected]
7.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
1.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-30549

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-30549

GHSA-j4rf-7357-f4cg · Severity: high · Ecosystem: go — Unpatched extfs vulnerabilities are exploitable through suid-mode Apptainer

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-30549

vendor priority summary link
alpine high CVE-2023-30549: 1 source package rows (apptainer); 9 state rows across 5 repos (3.19-community, 3.20-community, 3.21-community, 3.22-community, edge-community); fixed 5, open 4. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2023-30549
debian unimportant CVE-2023-30549 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (singularity-container), 1 status rows across 1 suites (sid): resolved 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-30549
gentoo high CVE-2023-30549: 1 GLSA(s) (202311-13), 1 atom(s) (app-containers/apptainer); latest impact high. https://bugs.gentoo.org/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=CVE-2023-30549
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-30549 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (singularity-container), 13 status rows across 13 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, kinetic, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 5, ignored 4, needs-triage 4. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-30549

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-30549

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
lfprojects apptainer < 1.1.8 cpe:2.3:a:lfprojects:apptainer:*:*:*:*:*:go:*:*
sylabs singularity cpe:2.3:a:sylabs:singularity:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
redhat enterprise_linux 7.0 cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-30549

URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2022-1184 Not Applicable
https://github.com/apptainer/apptainer/commit/5a4964f5ba9c8d89a0e353b97f51fd607670a9f7 Patch
https://github.com/apptainer/apptainer/releases/tag/v1.1.8 Release Notes
https://github.com/apptainer/apptainer/security/advisories/GHSA-j4rf-7357-f4cg Mitigation Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/2220eaf90992c11d888fe771055d4de3303
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/4f04351888a83e595571de672e0a4a8b74f
https://lwn.net/Articles/932136/
https://lwn.net/Articles/932137/
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2022-1184 Not Applicable
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-13
https://sylabs.io/2023/04/response-to-cve-2023-30549/
https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2022-1184 Not Applicable
https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-1184.html Not Applicable
cvelogic Threat Intelligence