CVE-2023-31176 | Insufficient entropy vulnerability could lead to authentication bypass

An Insufficient Entropy vulnerability in the Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories SEL-451 could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to brute-force session tokens and bypass authentication.  See product Instruction Manual Appendix A dated 20230830 for more details.

Published: 2023-11-30 Last update: 2024-11-21 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-31176 is rated Moderate Risk (41/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.12%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-31176

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-11-21 0.42% 0.12% -0.30%
2 2025-11-18 0.12% 0.42% +0.30%
3 2025-04-15 — 0.12% —

Full EPSS history (12 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-31176

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.5 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 3.6 [email protected]
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-31176

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-31176

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r315-v0, < r315-v4 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r316-v0, < r316-v4 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r317-v0, < r317-v4 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r318-v0, < r318-v5 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r320-v0, < r320-v3 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r321-v0, < r321-v3 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r322-v0, < r322-v3 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r323-v0, < r323-v5 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r324-v0, < r324-v4 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware >= r325-v0, < r325-v3 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware r326-v0 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:r326-v0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
selinc sel-451_firmware r327-v0 cpe:2.3:o:selinc:sel-451_firmware:r327-v0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-31176

cvelogic Threat Intelligence