CVE-2023-31471

Exp

An issue was discovered on GL.iNet devices before 3.216. Through the software installation feature, it is possible to install arbitrary software, such as a reverse shell, because the restrictions on the available package list are limited to client-side verification. It is possible to install software from the filesystem, the package list, or a URL.

Published: 2023-05-10 Last update: 2025-01-27 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-31471 is rated High Exploit Risk (78.1/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.56%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2023-31471

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-31471

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-05-11 0.66% 0.56% -0.10%
2 2026-03-06 0.62% 0.66% +0.04%
3 2026-02-02 — 0.62% —

Full EPSS history (11 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-31471

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 [email protected]
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-31471

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-31471

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
gl-inet gl-s20_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-s20_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-x3000_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-x3000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mt3000_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mt3000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mt2500_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mt2500_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mt2500a_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mt2500a_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-axt1800_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-axt1800_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-a1300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-a1300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-ax1800_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-ax1800_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-sft1200_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-sft1200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mt1300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mt1300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-e750_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-e750_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mv1000_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mv1000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mv1000w_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mv1000w_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-s10_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-s10_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-s200_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-s200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-s1300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-s1300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-sf1200_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-sf1200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-b1300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-b1300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-b2200_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-b2200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-ap1300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-ap1300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-ap1300lte_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-ap1300lte_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-x1200_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-x1200_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-x750_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-x750_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-x300b_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-x300b_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-xe300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-xe300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-ar750s_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-ar750s_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-ar750_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-ar750_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mifi_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mifi_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-mt300n-v2_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mt300n-v2_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-ar300m_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-ar300m_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet gl-usb150_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-usb150_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
gl-inet microuter-n300_firmware < 3.216 cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:microuter-n300_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-31471

cvelogic Threat Intelligence