CVE-2023-3518 | JWT Auth in L7 Intentions Allow For Mismatched Service Identity and JWT Providers for Access

HashiCorp Consul and Consul Enterprise 1.16.0 when using JWT Auth for service mesh incorrectly allows/denies access regardless of service identities. Fixed in 1.16.1.

Published: 2023-08-09 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-3518 is rated Moderate Risk (40.2/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.38%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-3518

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.13% 0.38% +0.25%
2 2026-05-20 0.17% 0.13% -0.04%
3 2026-01-01 — 0.17% —

Full EPSS history (22 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-3518

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.4 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 3.1 3.7 [email protected]
7.3 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 3.9 3.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-3518

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-3518

GHSA-9rhf-q362-77mx · Severity: high · Ecosystem: go — Consul JWT Auth in L7 Intentions Allow for Mismatched Service Identity and JWT Providers

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-3518

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2023-3518 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (consul), 1 status rows across 1 suites (bullseye): resolved 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-3518

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-3518

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
hashicorp consul 1.16.0 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:consul:1.16.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
hashicorp consul 1.16.0 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:consul:1.16.0:-:*:*:-:*:*:*
hashicorp consul 1.16.0 cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:consul:1.16.0:rc1:*:*:-:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-3518

cvelogic Threat Intelligence