CVE-2023-39780

Exp

On ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 devices, authenticated attackers can perform OS command injection via the /start_apply.htm qos_bw_rulelist parameter. NOTE: for the similar "token-generated module" issue, see CVE-2023-41345; for the similar "token-refresh module" issue, see CVE-2023-41346; for the similar "check token module" issue, see CVE-2023-41347; and for the similar "code-authentication module" issue, see CVE-2023-41348.

Published: 2023-09-11 Last update: 2025-10-31 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-39780 is rated Critical Active Threat (99.4/100): CVSS High severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 47.09%, 98th percentile). CISA KEV confirms active exploitation (added 2025-06-02) affecting ASUS / RT-AX55 Routers. a weakness (CWE-78) Unauthenticated remote administrative access may be possible. EPSS rose +6.00% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. The CISA remediation deadline has passed—treat as an emergency patch priority.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

CISA KEV Record for CVE-2023-39780

Name: ASUS RT-AX55 Routers OS Command Injection Vulnerability · CISA KEV detail

Exploit added: 2025-06-02

Action due: 2025-06-23

Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2023-39780

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-39780

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-06 41.09% 47.09% +6.00%
2 2026-04-17 42.66% 41.09% -1.56%
3 2026-01-23 — 42.66% —

Full EPSS history (39 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-39780

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-39780

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-39780

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
asus rt-ax55_firmware 3.0.0.4.386.51598 cpe:2.3:o:asus:rt-ax55_firmware:3.0.0.4.386.51598:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-39780

URL Tags
https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/asus/CVE-2023-39780/1/EN.md Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/asus/CVE-2023-39780/2/EN.md Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/asus/CVE-2023-39780/3/EN.md Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/asus/CVE-2023-39780/4/EN.md Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/asus/CVE-2023-39780/5/EN.md Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/D2y6p/CVE/blob/main/asus/CVE-2023-39780/6/EN.md Exploit Third Party Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-39780 US Government Resource
https://www.greynoise.io/blog/stealthy-backdoor-campaign-affecting-asus-routers Exploit Third Party Advisory
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