CVE-2023-46648 [High] | Security Vulnerability in Enterprise Server

An insufficient entropy vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES) that allowed an attacker to brute force a user invitation to the GHES Management Console. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need knowledge that a user invitation was pending. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server since 3.8 and was fixed in version 3.8.12, 3.9.7, 3.10.4, and 3.11.1. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-06-15	1.03%	0.74%	-0.28%
2	2026-03-04	0.23%	1.03%	+0.80%
3	2026-03-01	—	0.23%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-06-15

1.03%

0.74%

-0.28%

2026-03-04

0.23%

1.03%

+0.80%

2026-03-01

—

0.23%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
8.3	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:H) Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work. Privileges required (PR:N) No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough. User interaction (UI:R) A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land. Scope (S:C) Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	1.6	6.0	[email protected]
7.5	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:H) Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work. Privileges required (PR:N) No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough. User interaction (UI:R) A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	1.6	5.9	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

8.3

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H): Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N): No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R): A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C): Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

1.6

6.0

[email protected]

7.5

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H): Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N): No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R): A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

1.6

5.9

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-46648

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
github	enterprise_server	>= 3.8.0, < 3.8.12	cpe:2.3:a:github:enterprise_server::::::::
github	enterprise_server	>= 3.9.0, < 3.9.7	cpe:2.3:a:github:enterprise_server::::::::
github	enterprise_server	>= 3.10.0, < 3.10.4	cpe:2.3:a:github:enterprise_server::::::::
github	enterprise_server	3.11.0	cpe:2.3:a:github:enterprise_server:3.11.0:::::::*

References for CVE-2023-46648

URL	Tags
https://docs.github.com/en/[email protected]/admin/release-notes#3.10.4	Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/[email protected]/admin/release-notes#3.11.1	Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/[email protected]/admin/release-notes#3.8.12	Release Notes
https://docs.github.com/en/[email protected]/admin/release-notes#3.9.7	Release Notes

URL

CVE-2023-46648 | Insufficient Entropy in GitHub Enterprise Server Management Console Invitation Token

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-46648

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-46648

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-46648

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-46648

References for CVE-2023-46648