CVE-2023-49170 | WordPress Forms by CaptainForm Plugin <= 2.5.3 is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS)

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in captainform Forms by CaptainForm – Form Builder for WordPress allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Forms by CaptainForm – Form Builder for WordPress: from n/a through 2.5.3.

Published: 2023-12-15 Last update: 2026-04-28 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-49170 is rated Moderate Risk (43.1/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.19%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-49170

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-05-05 0.14% 0.19% +0.05%
2 2025-04-15 0.16% 0.14% -0.02%
3 2025-03-30 — 0.16% —

Full EPSS history (9 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-49170

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.1 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L)
Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.
 2.8 3.7 [email protected]
6.1 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.8 2.7 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-49170

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-49170

GHSA-chfc-x833-27cm · Severity: high — Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')...

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-49170

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
captainform captainform <= 2.5.3 cpe:2.3:a:captainform:captainform:*:*:*:*:*:wordpress:*:*

References for CVE-2023-49170

cvelogic Threat Intelligence