CVE-2023-51384

In ssh-agent in OpenSSH before 9.6, certain destination constraints can be incompletely applied. When destination constraints are specified during addition of PKCS#11-hosted private keys, these constraints are only applied to the first key, even if a PKCS#11 token returns multiple keys.

Published: 2023-12-18 Last update: 2026-05-28 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-51384 is rated Low Risk (25.8/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.04%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-51384

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-11-21 0.31% 0.04% -0.27%
2 2025-11-18 0.04% 0.31% +0.26%
3 2025-04-18 — 0.04% —

Full EPSS history (10 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-51384

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 1.8 3.6 [email protected]
5.5 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 1.8 3.6 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-51384

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-51384

GHSA-44xq-r8h3-q4q6 · Severity: medium — In ssh-agent in OpenSSH before 9.6, certain destination constraints can be incompletely applied....

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-51384

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2023-51384: 1 source package rows (openssh); 46 state rows across 7 repos (3.17-main, 3.18-main, 3.19-main, 3.20-main, 3.21-main, 3.22-main, edge-main); fixed 7, open 39. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2023-51384
debian unimportant CVE-2023-51384 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (openssh), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-51384
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-51384
suse medium CVE-2023-51384 severity moderate: SUSE including 6 source package names (openssh, openssh-clients, openssh-common, openssh-fips, openssh-helpers, openssh-server), 189 product×package rows across 44 product lines (SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0, SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1, … (44 product lines)): Known Not Affected 189. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-51384/
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-51384 medium priority: Ubuntu including 2 source packages (openssh, openssh-ssh1), 20 status rows across 10 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, trusty, upstream, xenial): ignored 8, released 6, not-affected 4, DNE 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-51384

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-51384

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
openbsd openssh >= 8.9, < 9.6 cpe:2.3:a:openbsd:openssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
debian debian_linux 11.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
debian debian_linux 12.0 cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2023-51384

cvelogic Threat Intelligence