CVE-2023-51774

Exp

The json-jwt (aka JSON::JWT) gem 1.16.3 for Ruby sometimes allows bypass of identity checks via a sign/encryption confusion attack. For example, JWE can sometimes be used to bypass JSON::JWT.decode.

Published: 2024-02-29 Last update: 2025-05-08 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2023-51774 is rated Exploit Available (53.6/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.23%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2023-51774

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2023-51774

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.04% 0.23% +0.19%
2 2025-03-30 0.09% 0.04% -0.06%
3 2025-03-29 — 0.09% —

Full EPSS history (4 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2023-51774

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.4 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.5 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2023-51774

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2023-51774

GHSA-c8v6-786g-vjx6 · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: rubygems — json-jwt allows bypass of identity checks via a sign/encryption confusion attack

OS Trackers for CVE-2023-51774

vendor priority summary link
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-51774
ubuntu medium CVE-2023-51774 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (ruby-json-jwt), 12 status rows across 12 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, lunar, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): ignored 6, needs-triage 6. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-51774

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2023-51774

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
json-jwt_project json-jwt 1.16.3 cpe:2.3:a:json-jwt_project:json-jwt:1.16.3:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*

References for CVE-2023-51774

cvelogic Threat Intelligence