CVE-2024-12224 | idna accepts Punycode labels that do not produce any non-ASCII when decoded

Exp

Improper Validation of Unsafe Equivalence in punycode by the idna crate from Servo rust-url allows an attacker to create a punycode hostname that one part of a system might treat as distinct while another part of that system would treat as equivalent to another hostname.

Published: 2025-05-30 Last update: 2025-06-25 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2024-12224 is rated Exploit Available (50/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.15%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2024-12224

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-12224

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-03-26 0.07% 0.15% +0.08%
2 2026-01-17 0.04% 0.07% +0.03%
3 2025-11-21 — 0.04% —

Full EPSS history (6 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2024-12224

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.1 4.0 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Exploitation depends on constrained or hard-to-reproduce conditions.
Attack requirements (AT:P)
Additional preconditions must be present for exploitation.
Privileges required (PR:L)
Low privileges are required.
User interaction (UI:N)
No user interaction is required.
Vulnerable system confidentiality impact (VC:N)
No confidentiality impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system integrity impact (VI:N)
No integrity impact on the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system availability impact (VA:N)
No availability impact on the vulnerable system.
Subsequent system confidentiality impact (SC:H)
High confidentiality impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system integrity impact (SI:L)
Limited integrity impact on subsequent systems.
Subsequent system availability impact (SA:N)
No availability impact on subsequent systems.
Exploit maturity (threat) (E:X)
Not defined: no reliable threat intelligence; scoring assumes the worst case (equivalent to Attacked).
Confidentiality requirement (CR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Integrity requirement (IR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Availability requirement (AR:X)
Not defined: insufficient information; scoring treats this like High (worst case).
Modified attack vector (MAV:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Vector (AV).
Modified attack complexity (MAC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Complexity (AC).
Modified attack requirements (MAT:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Attack Requirements (AT).
Modified privileges required (MPR:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base Privileges Required (PR).
Modified user interaction (MUI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base User Interaction (UI).
Modified vulnerable system confidentiality impact (MVC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VC metric.
Modified vulnerable system integrity impact (MVI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VI metric.
Modified vulnerable system availability impact (MVA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base VA metric.
Modified subsequent system confidentiality impact (MSC:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SC metric.
Modified subsequent system integrity impact (MSI:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SI metric.
Modified subsequent system availability impact (MSA:X)
Not defined: scoring uses the Base SA metric.
Safety (supplemental) (S:X)
Not evaluated.
Automatable (supplemental) (AU:X)
Not evaluated.
Recovery (supplemental) (R:X)
Not evaluated.
Value density (supplemental) (V:X)
Not evaluated.
Vulnerability response effort (supplemental) (RE:X)
Not evaluated.
Provider urgency (supplemental) (U:X)
Not evaluated.
 — — [email protected]
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2024-12224

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2024-12224

GHSA-h97m-ww89-6jmq · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: rust — `idna` accepts Punycode labels that do not produce any non-ASCII when decoded

OS Trackers for CVE-2024-12224

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2024-12224: 1 source package rows (cargo-modules); 4 state rows across 4 repos (3.21-community, 3.22-community, 3.23-community, edge-community); fixed 4, open 0. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2024-12224
debian not yet assigned CVE-2024-12224 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (rust-idna), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 3, open 2. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-12224
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-12224
suse medium CVE-2024-12224 severity moderate: SUSE including 432 source package names (0.6.41-13.9:librav1e0_6-0.6.6-150600.3.3.1, 2.1.3-6.70:libexpat1-2.7.1-slfo.1.1_4.1, …), 1300 product×package rows across 133 product lines (Container containers/open-webui, Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server-attestation, … (133 product lines)): Known Not Affected 780, Fixed 266, Known Affected 231, Will Not Fix 16, First Fixed 7. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-12224/
ubuntu medium CVE-2024-12224 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (rust-idna), 7 status rows across 7 suites (focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, upstream): needs-triage 5, ignored 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-12224

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2024-12224

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
servo idna < 1.0.0 cpe:2.3:a:servo:idna:*:*:*:*:*:rust:*:*

References for CVE-2024-12224

cvelogic Threat Intelligence