CVE-2024-28103 | Action Pack is missing security headers on non-HTML responses

Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. Since 6.1.0, the application configurable Permissions-Policy is only served on responses with an HTML related Content-Type. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.1.7.8, 7.0.8.2, and 7.1.3.3.

Published: 2024-06-04 Last update: 2024-12-06 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2024-28103 is rated Moderate Risk (47.4/100): CVSS Medium severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.83%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-28103

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-12-13 0.90% 0.83% -0.07%
2 2025-11-21 0.33% 0.90% +0.57%
3 2025-11-18 — 0.33% —

Full EPSS history (9 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2024-28103

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
5.4 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L)
Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 2.8 2.5 [email protected]
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2024-28103

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2024-28103

GHSA-fwhr-88qx-h9g7 · Severity: medium · Ecosystem: rubygems — Missing security headers in Action Pack on non-HTML responses

OS Trackers for CVE-2024-28103

vendor priority summary link
debian unimportant CVE-2024-28103 unimportant priority: Debian including 1 source packages (rails), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 5. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-28103
redhat medium — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-28103
suse medium CVE-2024-28103 severity moderate: SUSE including 28 source package names (2.17-17.3:rmt-server-2.17-150500.3.16.1, 2.17-17.3:rmt-server-config-2.17-150500.3.16.1, …), 77 product×package rows across 34 product lines (Container suse/rmt-server, SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1, … (34 product lines)): Fixed 57, Known Not Affected 20. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-28103/
ubuntu medium CVE-2024-28103 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (rails), 10 status rows across 10 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, mantic, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, upstream, xenial): needs-triage 7, ignored 3. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-28103

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2024-28103

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
rubyonrails rails >= 6.1.0, < 6.1.7.8 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.8.4 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails >= 7.1.0, < 7.1.3.4 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
rubyonrails rails 7.2.0 cpe:2.3:a:rubyonrails:rails:7.2.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2024-28103

cvelogic Threat Intelligence