CVE-2024-28860 | Insecure IPsec transport encryption in Cilium

Cilium is a networking, observability, and security solution with an eBPF-based dataplane. Users of IPsec transparent encryption in Cilium may be vulnerable to cryptographic attacks that render the transparent encryption ineffective. In particular, Cilium is vulnerable to chosen plaintext, key recovery, replay attacks by a man-in-the-middle attacker. These attacks are possible due to an ESP sequence number collision when multiple nodes are configured with the same key. Fixed versions of Cilium use unique keys for each IPsec tunnel established between nodes, resolving all of the above attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.13.13, 1.14.9, and 1.15.3.

Published: 2024-03-27 Last update: 2025-09-02 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2024-28860 is rated Low Risk (37.2/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.05%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-28860

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2025-09-05 0.06% 0.05% -0.01%
2 2025-08-16 0.04% 0.06% +0.01%
3 2024-03-28 0.04%

Full EPSS history (3 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2024-28860

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.0 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:A)
Attacker has to be nearby on the network—same office, same link, that vibe—not the whole wide internet.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
1.6 5.8 [email protected]
6.8 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:A)
Attacker has to be nearby on the network—same office, same link, that vibe—not the whole wide internet.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
1.6 5.2 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2024-28860

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2024-28860

GHSA-pwqm-x5x6-5586 · Severity: high · Ecosystem: go — Cilium has insecure IPsec transport encryption

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2024-28860

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
cilium cilium >= 1.4.0, < 1.13.14 cpe:2.3:a:cilium:cilium:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cilium cilium >= 1.14.0, < 1.14.9 cpe:2.3:a:cilium:cilium:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cilium cilium >= 1.15.0, < 1.15.3 cpe:2.3:a:cilium:cilium:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2024-28860

cvelogic Threat Intelligence