CVE-2024-5660

Use of Hardware Page Aggregation (HPA) and Stage-1 and/or Stage-2 translation on Cortex-A77, Cortex-A78, Cortex-A78C, Cortex-A78AE, Cortex-A710, Cortex-X1, Cortex-X1C, Cortex-X2, Cortex-X3, Cortex-X4, Cortex-X925, Neoverse V1, Neoverse V2, Neoverse V3, Neoverse V3AE, Neoverse N2 may permit bypass of Stage-2 translation and/or GPT protection.

Published: 2024-12-10 Last update: 2026-01-05 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2024-5660 is rated Moderate Risk (49/100): CVSS Critical severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.10%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2024-5660

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-01-18 0.29% 0.10% -0.19%
2 2026-01-06 0.24% 0.29% +0.05%
3 2025-11-21 — 0.24% —

Full EPSS history (7 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2024-5660

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2024-5660

OS Trackers for CVE-2024-5660

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2024-5660: 1 source package rows (arm-trusted-firmware); 4 state rows across 4 repos (3.18-main, 3.19-main, 3.20-main, 3.21-main); fixed 4, open 0. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2024-5660
debian not yet assigned CVE-2024-5660 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (arm-trusted-firmware), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 3, open 2. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-5660
ubuntu medium CVE-2024-5660 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (arm-trusted-firmware), 7 status rows across 7 suites (focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, upstream): needs-triage 5, ignored 2. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-5660

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2024-5660

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
arm cortex-a710_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-a710_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-a77_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-a77_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-a78_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-a78_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-a78ae_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-a78ae_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-a78c_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-a78c_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-x1_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-x1_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-x1c_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-x1c_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-x2_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-x2_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-x3_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-x3_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-x4_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-x4_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm cortex-x925_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:cortex-x925_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm neoverse_n2_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:neoverse_n2_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm neoverse-v1_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:neoverse-v1_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm neoverse-v2_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:neoverse-v2_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm neoverse-v3_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:neoverse-v3_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
arm neoverse-v3ae_firmware — cpe:2.3:o:arm:neoverse-v3ae_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2024-5660

cvelogic Threat Intelligence