CVE-2025-10230 | Samba: command injection in wins server hook script

A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.

Published: 2025-11-07 Last update: 2026-04-15 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Deferred，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-10230 is rated Moderate Risk (63.1/100): CVSS Critical severity, with medium exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.49%). Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-10230

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-03 0.38% 0.49% +0.11%
2 2026-04-17 0.28% 0.38% +0.10%
3 2026-03-13 — 0.28% —

Full EPSS history (10 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-10230

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
10.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 6.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-10230

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-10230

vendor priority summary link
alpine — CVE-2025-10230: 1 source package rows (samba); 2 state rows across 2 repos (3.22-main, edge-main); fixed 2, open 0. https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-10230
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-10230 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (samba), 5 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 4, open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-10230
redhat critical — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230
suse critical — https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-10230 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (samba), 9 status rows across 9 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): released 8, needs-triage 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-10230

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-10230

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
No affected products in dataset.

References for CVE-2025-10230

cvelogic Threat Intelligence