CVE-2025-12816 | CVE-2025-12816

Exp

An interpretation-conflict (CWE-436) vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and earlier enables unauthenticated attackers to craft ASN.1 structures to desynchronize schema validations, yielding a semantic divergence that may bypass downstream cryptographic verifications and security decisions.

Published: 2025-11-25 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-12816 is rated High Exploit Risk (66.6/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.68%). 1 public exploit reference(s) are indexed (Exploit-DB). Public exploits are available—assess exposure, apply mitigations, and prioritize patching.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Public exploit references (Exploit-DB) for CVE-2025-12816

EDB-ID Source Kind Published Link
— nvd_ref exploit_tag Exploit-DB ↗

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-12816

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.06% 0.68% +0.62%
2 2026-01-06 0.02% 0.06% +0.04%
3 2025-12-18 — 0.02% —

Full EPSS history (4 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-12816

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.6 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 3.9 4.0 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-12816

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-12816

GHSA-5gfm-wpxj-wjgq · Severity: high · Ecosystem: npm — node-forge has an Interpretation Conflict vulnerability via its ASN.1 Validator Desynchronization

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-12816

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-12816 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (node-node-forge), 1 status rows across 1 suites (bullseye): open 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-12816
redhat high — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-12816
suse high CVE-2025-12816 severity important: SUSE including 111 source package names (2.1.3-6.6:aardvark-dns-1.12.2-1.1, 2.1.3-6.6:netavark-1.12.2-1.1, …), 462 product×package rows across 92 product lines (Container suse/manager/4.3/proxy-httpd, Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server, … (92 product lines)): Known Not Affected 274, Fixed 187, First Fixed 1. https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-12816/
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-12816 medium priority: Ubuntu including 1 source packages (node-node-forge), 6 status rows across 6 suites (focal, jammy, noble, plucky, questing, upstream): DNE 3, needs-triage 3. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-12816

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-12816

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
digitalbazaar forge <= 1.3.1 cpe:2.3:a:digitalbazaar:forge:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

References for CVE-2025-12816

cvelogic Threat Intelligence