CVE-2025-20138 | Cisco IOS XR Software CLI Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user arguments that are passed to specific CLI commands. An attacker with a low-privileged account could exploit this vulnerability by using crafted commands at the prompt. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root and execute arbitrary commands.

Published: 2025-03-12 Last update: 2025-07-31 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-20138 is rated Moderate Risk (46.5/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.13%). Mandatory action: Review affected assets and schedule remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-20138

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-24 0.15% 0.13% -0.02%
2 2026-04-20 0.04% 0.15% +0.11%
3 2026-02-09 0.04%

Full EPSS history (11 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-20138

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
8.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
2.0 6.0 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-20138

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-20138

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
cisco ios_xr < 24.2.21 cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xr:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cisco ios_xr >= 24.3, < 24.4 cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ios_xr:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*

References for CVE-2025-20138

cvelogic Threat Intelligence