CVE-2025-21495

Vulnerability in the MySQL Enterprise Firewall product of Oracle MySQL (component: Firewall). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Enterprise Firewall. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Enterprise Firewall. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.4 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Published: 2025-01-21 Last update: 2025-06-23 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-21495 is rated Low Risk (31.4/100): CVSS Medium severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.50%). Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-21495

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.12% 0.50% +0.38%
2 2026-03-03 0.25% 0.12% -0.13%
3 2026-03-01 — 0.25% —

Full EPSS history (9 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-21495

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
4.4 3.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:H)
They need powerful rights—admin, root, or similar—before this pays off.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:N)
Doesn’t really leak secrets in a meaningful way.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 0.7 3.6 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-21495

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-21495

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
oracle mysql_enterprise_firewall >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.40 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_enterprise_firewall >= 8.4.0, <= 8.4.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_firewall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_enterprise_firewall 9.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_firewall:9.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-21495

cvelogic Threat Intelligence