CVE-2025-21520

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Options). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where MySQL Server executes to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 1.8 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

Published: 2025-01-21 Last update: 2026-06-17 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Modified，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-21520 is rated Low Risk (14.4/100): CVSS Low severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.28%). Low composite risk—no urgent action required; patch on your normal maintenance cycle and revisit priority if CVSS or EPSS increases.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-21520

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-15 0.02% 0.28% +0.26%
2 2026-03-03 0.10% 0.02% -0.07%
3 2025-11-21 — 0.10% —

Full EPSS history (6 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-21520

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
1.8 3.1 LOW
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:H)
They need powerful rights—admin, root, or similar—before this pays off.
User interaction (UI:R)
A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L)
Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:N)
Data isn’t meaningfully altered or forged.
Availability (A:N)
Service keeps running; no real outage angle.
 0.3 1.4 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-21520

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-21520

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-21520 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 1 source packages (mysql-8.0), 1 status rows across 1 suites (sid): resolved 1. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-21520
redhat low — https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-21520
ubuntu medium CVE-2025-21520 medium priority: Ubuntu including 10 source packages (mariadb, mariadb-10.0, …), 77 status rows across 10 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 50, not-affected 19, needs-triage 7, ignored 1. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-21520

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-21520

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
oracle mysql_cluster >= 7.6.0, <= 7.6.32 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_cluster:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_cluster >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.40 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_cluster:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_cluster >= 8.4.0, <= 8.4.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_cluster:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_cluster >= 9.0.0, <= 9.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_cluster:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_server >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.40 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_server >= 8.4.0, <= 8.4.3 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
oracle mysql_server >= 9.0.0, <= 9.1.0 cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-21520

cvelogic Threat Intelligence