CVE-2025-21785 | arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).

Published: 2025-02-27 Last update: 2025-11-03 Assigner: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 Source: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Conclusion & alert: CVE-2025-21785 is rated Low Risk (32.3/100): CVSS High severity, with low exploitation likelihood (EPSS 0.01%). Mandatory action: Monitor for updates and reassess as exploit intelligence or EPSS changes.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-21785

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-04-17 0.05% 0.01% -0.04%
2 2026-04-07 0.04% 0.05% +0.02%
3 2025-11-21 0.04%

Full EPSS history (5 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-21785

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
7.8 3.1 HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:L)
They already need access on the box, or another person has to do something wrong; it’s not a remote drive-by.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L)
A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
1.8 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-21785

OS Trackers for CVE-2025-21785

vendor priority summary link
debian not yet assigned CVE-2025-21785 not yet assigned priority: Debian including 2 source packages (linux, linux-6.1), 6 status rows across 5 suites (bookworm, bullseye, forky, sid, trixie): resolved 6. https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-21785
redhat medium https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-21785
suse high https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-21785/
ubuntu low CVE-2025-21785 low priority: Ubuntu including 158 source packages (linux, linux-allwinner-5.19, …), 1551 status rows across 10 suites (bionic, focal, jammy, noble, oracular, plucky, questing, trusty, upstream, xenial): DNE 1145, released 189, ignored 167, not-affected 44, needed 6. https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-21785

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-21785

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
linux linux_kernel >= 4.0, < 6.1.129 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.2, < 6.6.79 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.7, < 6.12.16 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel >= 6.13, < 6.13.4 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.14 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
linux linux_kernel 6.14 cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*

References for CVE-2025-21785

URL Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860 Mailing List Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618 Mailing List Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5 Mailing List Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2 Mailing List Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8 Mailing List Patch
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
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