CVE-2025-23025 [Critical] | Privilege Escalation in Xwiki

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. NOTE: The Realtime WYSIWYG Editor extension was **experimental**, and thus **not recommended**, in the versions affected by this vulnerability. It has become enabled by default, and thus recommended, starting with XWiki 16.9.0. A user with only **edit right** can join a realtime editing session where others, that where already there or that may join later, have **script** or **programming** access rights. This user can then insert **script rendering macros** that are executed for those users in the realtime session that have script or programming rights. The inserted scripts can be used to gain more access rights. This vulnerability has been patched in XWiki 15.10.2, 16.4.1 and 16.6.0-rc-1. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may either disable the realtime WYSIWYG editing by disabling the ``xwiki-realtime`` CKEditor plugin from the WYSIWYG editor administration section or uninstall the Realtime WYSIWYG Editorextension (org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-realtime-wysiwyg-ui).

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-06-05	2.19%	2.95%	+0.76%
2	2026-02-23	2.52%	2.19%	-0.33%
3	2026-02-22	—	2.52%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-06-05

2.19%

2.95%

+0.76%

2026-02-23

2.52%

2.19%

-0.33%

2026-02-22

—

2.52%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
9.0	3.1	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:R) A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land. Scope (S:C) Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	2.3	6.0	[email protected]
8.0	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:R) A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	2.1	5.9	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

9.0

3.1

CRITICAL

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:R): A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:C): Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

2.3

6.0

[email protected]

8.0

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:R): A real person has to do something—click, install, enable—otherwise it doesn’t land.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

2.1

5.9

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23025

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
xwiki	xwiki	>= 13.9, < 15.10.12	cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki::::::::
xwiki	xwiki	>= 16.0.0, < 16.4.1	cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki::::::::
xwiki	xwiki	16.5.0	cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:16.5.0:-::::::
xwiki	xwiki	16.5.0	cpe:2.3:a:xwiki:xwiki:16.5.0:rc1::::::

References for CVE-2025-23025

URL	Tags
https://extensions.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Extension/CKEditor+Integration#HAdministrationSection	Product
https://extensions.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Extension/Realtime%20WYSIWYG%20Editor	Product
https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-rmm7-r7wr-xpfg	Vendor Advisory
https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21949	Issue Tracking Vendor Advisory

URL

CVE-2025-23025 | Privilege escalation (PR) through realtime WYSIWYG editing in XWiki

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-23025

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-23025

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-23025

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-23025

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23025

References for CVE-2025-23025