CVE-2025-23061

Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.

Published: 2025-01-15 Last update: 2025-10-31 Assigner: [email protected] Source: [email protected]
NVD Status：Analyzed，CVE State: published
View at NVD, CVE.org, EUVD

CVE-2025-23061 is rated High Risk (75.6/100): CVSS Critical severity, with high exploitation likelihood (EPSS 71.86%, 99th percentile). EPSS ranks this CVE among the most likely to be exploited in the near term. EPSS rose +10.19% over the last day, indicating growing attacker interest. High exploitation likelihood—assess exposure and prioritize remediation.

Risk is dynamic; we continuously reassess and refresh what is shown on this page as upstream context changes.

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-23061

EPSS lead: Daily EPSS estimates relative likelihood of exploitation; percentile ranks this CVE among scored vulnerabilities (higher = more severe relative rank).

# Date Old EPSS score New EPSS score Delta (New - Old)
1 2026-06-08 61.67% 71.86% +10.19%
2 2026-06-06 55.32% 61.67% +6.34%
3 2026-04-30 — 55.32% —

Full EPSS history (23 records total)

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-23061

CVSS metrics for this CVE.

Base score Version Severity Vector Exploitability Impact Score source
9.0 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:H)
Even with access, the exploit needs extra luck, timing, or a fussy environment to actually work.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:C)
Breaking this can reach past the original component and bite other resources—bigger blast radius.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 2.2 6.0 [email protected]
9.8 3.1 CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand
Attack vector (AV:N)
Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L)
Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:N)
No account or special rights needed—anonymous or random user is enough.
User interaction (UI:N)
Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U)
Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H)
Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H)
They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H)
Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.
 3.9 5.9 [email protected]

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-23061

GitHub Security Advisory for CVE-2025-23061

GHSA-vg7j-7cwx-8wgw · Severity: critical · Ecosystem: npm — Mongoose search injection vulnerability

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23061

Vendor Product Version Raw CPE
mongoosejs mongoose < 6.13.6 cpe:2.3:a:mongoosejs:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
mongoosejs mongoose >= 7.0.0, < 7.8.4 cpe:2.3:a:mongoosejs:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
mongoosejs mongoose >= 8.0.0, < 8.9.5 cpe:2.3:a:mongoosejs:mongoose:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

References for CVE-2025-23061

cvelogic Threat Intelligence