CVE-2025-23168 [Medium] | Security Vulnerability in Versa Director

The Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform implements Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) using One-Time Passcodes (OTP) delivered via email or SMS. Versa Director accepts untrusted user input when dispatching 2FA codes, allowing an attacker who knows a valid username and password to redirect the OTP delivery (SMS/email) to their own device. OTP/TOTP codes are not invalidated after use, enabling reuse by an attacker who has previously intercepted or obtained a valid code. In addition, the 2FA system does not adequately restrict the number or frequency of login attempts. The OTP values are generated from a relatively small keyspace, making brute-force attacks more feasible. Exploitation Status: Versa Networks is not aware of any reported instance where this vulnerability was exploited. Proof of concept for this vulnerability has been disclosed by third party security researchers. Workarounds or Mitigation: Versa recommends that Director be upgraded to one of the remediated software versions.

#	Date	Old EPSS score	New EPSS score	Delta (New - Old)
1	2026-04-14	0.07%	0.32%	+0.25%
2	2025-06-19	—	0.07%	—

Date

Old EPSS score

New EPSS score

Delta (New - Old)

2026-04-14

0.07%

0.32%

+0.25%

2025-06-19

—

0.07%

—

Base score	Version	Severity	Vector	Exploitability	Impact	Score source
6.3	3.1	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:L) Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump. Integrity (I:L) Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes. Availability (A:L) Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.	2.8	3.4	[email protected]
8.8	3.1	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H` Click to expand Attack vector (AV:N) Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine. Attack complexity (AC:L) Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup. Privileges required (PR:L) A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin. User interaction (UI:N) Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping. Scope (S:U) Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems. Confidentiality (C:H) Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way. Integrity (I:H) They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt. Availability (A:H) Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.	2.8	5.9	[email protected]

Base score

Version

Severity

Vector

Exploitability

Impact

Score source

6.3

3.1

MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:L): Some sensitive info could get out, but not a total data dump.
Integrity (I:L): Attackers could change some data, but it’s limited—not everything goes.
Availability (A:L): Might cause slowdowns, glitches, or partial disruption—not a full brick.

2.8

3.4

[email protected]

8.8

3.1

HIGH

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Click to expand

Attack vector (AV:N): Could be attacked over the internet or any normal routed network—not just someone sitting at the machine.
Attack complexity (AC:L): Once they can reach the bug, pulling it off is straightforward—no weird race conditions or rare setup.
Privileges required (PR:L): A normal user session is enough; they don’t have to be admin.
User interaction (UI:N): Nobody has to click “OK” or open a trap file; it can work without a victim helping.
Scope (S:U): Damage stays in the same “trust bubble” as the broken component—no big spill into unrelated systems.
Confidentiality (C:H): Serious risk that confidential data gets exposed in a big way.
Integrity (I:H): They could widely tamper with or forge data—trust in the data is badly hurt.
Availability (A:H): Could take the service down hard or make it unusable for people who depend on it.

2.8

5.9

[email protected]

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23168

Vendor	Product	Version	Raw CPE
versa-networks	versa_director	21.2.2	cpe:2.3:a:versa-networks:versa_director:21.2.2:::::::*
versa-networks	versa_director	21.2.3	cpe:2.3:a:versa-networks:versa_director:21.2.3:::::::*
versa-networks	versa_director	22.1.2	cpe:2.3:a:versa-networks:versa_director:22.1.2:::::::*
versa-networks	versa_director	22.1.3	cpe:2.3:a:versa-networks:versa_director:22.1.3:::::::*
versa-networks	versa_director	22.1.4	cpe:2.3:a:versa-networks:versa_director:22.1.4:::::::*

References for CVE-2025-23168

URL	Tags
https://security-portal.versa-networks.com/emailbulletins/68526512dc94d6b9f2faf715	Mailing List Vendor Advisory
https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000024323-release-21-2-3	Permissions Required Release Notes
https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000025680-release-22-1-2	Permissions Required Release Notes
https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000026033-release-22-1-3	Permissions Required Release Notes
https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000026708-release-22-1-4	Permissions Required Release Notes

URL

CVE-2025-23168

Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2025-23168

Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) metrics for CVE-2025-23168

Weakness enumeration for CVE-2025-23168

Affected software / configurations for CVE-2025-23168

References for CVE-2025-23168